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Effects of experimental in-office bleaching gels incorporated with co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on dental enamel physical properties

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Abstract

To evaluate the physical properties of enamel submitted to hydrogen peroxide (HP) incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP) co-doped with nitrogen and fluorine and irradiated with violet LED light (LT). Enamel–dentin disks were randomly allocated (T0) into groups, according to HP (HP6, HP15, or HP35) and NP (no NP, 5NP, or 10NP) concentrations, and irradiated or not with LT. A negative control (NC) group was set. After three bleaching sessions (T1, T2, and T3), specimens were stored in saliva for 14 days (T4). Enamel surface microhardness number (KHN), surface roughness (Ra), cross-sectional microhardness (ΔS), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron (SEM), and polarized light (PLM) microscopies were performed. Surface KHN was significantly influenced by NP over time, independently of LT irradiation. At T3 and T4, gels with 5NP and 10NP exhibited no KHN differences compared to NC and baseline values, which were not observed under the absence of NP. NP incorporation did not statistically interfere with the ΔS and Ra. PLM images exhibited surface/subsurface darkening areas suggestive of demineralizing regions. SEM demonstrated some intraprismatic affection in the groups without NP. EDS reported a higher enamel calcium to phosphorus ratio following 10NP gels applications. Gels with NP maintained the enamel surface microhardness levels and seemed to control surface morphology, upholding the mineral content. None of the proposed experimental protocols have negatively influenced the enamel surface roughness and the cross-sectional microhardness.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the valuable contribution of the Microscopy and Image Center (CMI) from Piracicaba School of Dentistry (University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil) for the assistance in microscopy analyses.

Funding

This research was funded by São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) [#2019/02393–6 and #2020/06782–4]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Fulbright Brazil, Fulbright Scholarship Board and The Bureau of the Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State for a scholarship granted to the first author (M.K.), who participated in the program Doctoral Dissertation Research Award. This study was also supported in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior (CAPES)–001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av., Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil

    Matheus Kury & Vanessa Cavalli

  2. Dental Research Division, Paulista University, 1212 Doutor Bacelar St., Indianópolis, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil

    Matheus Kury

  3. Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Sciences, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, 1201 N Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA

    Fernando Luís Esteban Florez

  4. Biochemistry Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av., Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil

    Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury

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  1. Matheus Kury
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Kury, M., Esteban Florez, F.L., Tabchoury, C.P.M. et al. Effects of experimental in-office bleaching gels incorporated with co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on dental enamel physical properties. Odontology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-024-00976-4

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