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Hormone replacement therapy did not alleviate temporomandibular joint inflammatory pain in ovariectomized rats

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Abstract

This study had the aim of examining the relationships between variations in estrogen levels resulting from ovariectomy, and estrogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in rats subjected to an orofacial inflammatory pain model. Eighty adult female Wistar rats were initially divided into 2 groups: Sham or ovariectomy (OVX—D1). Seven days later (D7), the rats were subjected to an unilateral infiltration of Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (CFA) or saline solution into the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Then, rats received 17β-estradiol (28 µg/kg/day) or placebo for 21 days (D10–D31). Nociception was evaluated by the von Frey (VF) and the Hot Plate (HP) tests, and depressive-like behavior by the Forced Swimming (FS) test. On D32 all rats were euthanized and serum, hippocampus and brainstem were collected. The CFA groups presented a mechanical hyperalgesia until day 21 (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed among groups in the HP (p = 0.735), and in the immobility and swimming time of the FS (p = 0.800; p = 0.998, respectively). In the brainstem, there was a significant difference in the TNF-ɑ levels (p = 0.043), and a marginal significant difference in BDNF levels (p = 0.054), without differences among groups in the hippocampal BDNF and TNF-ɑ levels (p = 0.232; p = 0.081, respectively). In conclusion, the hormone replacement therapy did not alleviate orofacial pain in ovariectomized rats. However, there is a decrease in brainstem TNF-ɑ levels in the animals submitted to both models, which was partially reverted by HRT.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author (I.L.S.T).

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Funding

This study was supported by the following Brazilian funding agencies: the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, CNPq for research grants (I.L.S.T.: PQ #302345/2011–6; WC: PQ #301256/2013–6); Research Incentive Fund at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (FIPE/HCPA) and Graduate and Research Group at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, GPPG/HCPA (I.L.S. Torres – FIPE HCPA Grant #2021–0632). Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education, CAPES (J.M. de Castro, Dr. D.J. Stein); (V) Brazilian Innovation Agency (FINEP) (WC and ILST process #1245/13).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil

    Giovana Paola Heck Kroeff, Iala Thais de Sousa Morais & Iraci L. S. Torres

  2. Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Investigations, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-903, Brazil

    Giovana Paola Heck Kroeff, Josimar Macedo de Castro, Hemily Barbosa Braga, Tenille Dal Bosco, Thais Collioni de Oliveira, Iala Thais de Sousa Morais, Liciane Fernandes Medeiros, Wolnei Caumo, Dirson J. Stein & Iraci L. S. Torres

  3. Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil

    Josimar Macedo de Castro, Tenille Dal Bosco, Wolnei Caumo, Dirson J. Stein & Iraci L. S. Torres

  4. Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, 92010-000, Brazil

    Liciane Fernandes Medeiros

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  10. Iraci L. S. Torres
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Contributions

All authors contributed substantially to the present work. Giovana Paola Heck Kroeff: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation, Visualization, Writing—Original Draft; Writing—Review & Editing; Josimar Macedo de Castro: Investigation, Data Curation, Formal analysis, Writing—Review and Editing; Hemily Barbosa Braga: Investigation; Tenille Dal Bosco: Investigation; Thais Collioni de Oliveira: Investigation; Iala Thais de Sousa Morais: Investigation; Liciane F Medeiros: Investigation, Methodology; Wolnei Caumo: Resources, Writing—Review and Editing; Dirson J Stein: Supervision, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing—Review and Editing; Iraci LS Torres: Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Writing—Review & Editing;

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Correspondence to Iraci L. S. Torres.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the contents and writing of this paper.

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Kroeff, G.P.H., de Castro, J.M., Braga, H.B. et al. Hormone replacement therapy did not alleviate temporomandibular joint inflammatory pain in ovariectomized rats. Odontology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-024-00964-8

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