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Effectiveness of low concentration of sodium hypochlorite activated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm

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Abstract

Bacteria living in biofilms exhibit altered growth phenotypes, while the biofilm provides benefits, the foremost of which is a certain protection against both immune system and killing effect by antimicrobials. Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) have been proposed as alternative methods for cleaning and disinfecting the root canal, as an adjuvant to conventional chemo-mechanical preparation in order to improve debridement and disinfection. Nevertheless, the potential antibacterial effect of LAI using 0.5% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has received little attention. Glass Pasteur pipettes were used to mimic single-tooth root canal and to build Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Several irrigants and treatments were assayed for 60 s including (I) Saline, (II) NaOCl 0.5%, (III) NaOCl 5%, (IV) Er,Cr:YSGG, (V) Saline + LAI, (VI) NaOCl 0.5% + LAI, (VII) Saline + PUI, and (VIII) NaOCl 0.5% + PUI. Bacterial reduction was measured by counting the colony-forming units (CFUs). Additionally, AFM visualization and measurement of nano-roughness parameters were used to evaluate LAI effect on bacteria. NaOCl 5% unpowered and NaOCl 0.5% + LAI were capable of eliminating all bacteria, whereas non-activated saline solution and NaOCl 0.5% failed to eliminate E. faecalis. Lower efficiencies were achieved by PUI. Surface analysis by AFM revealed apparent alterations in NaOCl + LAI-treated cells. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) increased the bactericidal efficiency of 0.5% NaOCl against E. faecalis biofilm.

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Funding

PB is recipient of a fellowship from Becas Chile from the Chilean Government (CONICYT)/No. 5594/2015.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lab. Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials. Dept. of Pathology & Experimental therapeutics. Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer Feixa Larga s/n; 08907, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

    P. Betancourt, A. Merlos, J. M. Sierra & M. Viñas

  2. Research Centre in Dental Sciences (CICO), Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile

    P. Betancourt

  3. Department of Dentistry. Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer Feixa Larga s/n; 08907, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

    O. Camps-Font & J. Arnabat-Dominguez

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  1. P. Betancourt
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  2. A. Merlos
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  3. J. M. Sierra
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  4. O. Camps-Font
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  5. J. Arnabat-Dominguez
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  6. M. Viñas
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Correspondence to J. Arnabat-Dominguez.

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Betancourt, P., Merlos, A., Sierra, J.M. et al. Effectiveness of low concentration of sodium hypochlorite activated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Lasers Med Sci 34, 247–254 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2578-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2578-6

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