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Risk factors for pneumonia among children with coinfection of influenza A virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for pneumonia in children co-infected with influenza A virus (IAV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP).

Methods

Children who were diagnosed with IAV and MP infection between January and December, 2023 were enrolled and divided into a non-pneumonia group and a pneumonia group. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate each index, and the risk factors for pneumonia caused by coinfection in the two groups were explored.

Results

A total of 209 patients were enrolled, of which 107 and 102 patients were in the pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups, respectively. The patients in the pneumonia group were older and had a longer duration of fever (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that the median age, duration of fever, and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and IL-10 levels were significantly correlated with pneumonia (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the median age, duration of fever, and CD4+, CD8+ and IL-10 levels were independent risk factors for pneumonia. Area under the curve of the five combined indicators in the ROC (receiver operator characteristic) analysis was 0.883, was higher than single factor.

Conclusion

Children with IAV and MP infection whose age older than 6.08 years, had a fever longer than 4 days, had a CD4+ count < 22.12%, had a CD8+ count < 35.21%, had an IL-10 concentration > 22.08 ng/ml were more likely to develop pneumonia.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy requirements but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project [grant numbers LHGJ20200620, LHGJ20220734] and by 2023 Open Subjects of Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infections and Critical Illnesses [China] [grant number ERC202304].

Author information

Author notes

  1. Chunlan Song

    Present address: , Zhengzhou, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China

    Shuqin Fu, Wanyu Jia, Peng Li, Junhao Cui, Yangji Wang & Chunlan Song

Authors
  1. Shuqin Fu
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  2. Wanyu Jia
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Wanyu Jia, Yangji Wang, and Junhao Cui. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Shuqin Fu. Peng Li and Chunlan Song conceptualized the study and reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chunlan Song.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of Henan Children’s Hospital (approval number: [2022-K-L046]).

Consent to participate

This is a retrospective study, so informed consent was waived.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

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Fu, S., Jia, W., Li, P. et al. Risk factors for pneumonia among children with coinfection of influenza A virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-024-04854-3

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