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Material optimization of the square composite granular structure composed of viscoelastic spheres for improving the impact mitigation performance

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Abstract

Three mitigation mechanisms can be considered in the design of an impact buffering structure made of granular materials. First, reflection and decomposition of stress wave may occur at the interface of two granules of different materials. Second, energy dissipation happens at the viscoelastic contact region of two adjacent granules. Third, the impact energy carried by stress waves has multiple propagation paths in two- or three-dimensional granular materials. In this study, a two-dimensional square composite structure of spherical granules (SCSPG) employing all the three mitigation mechanisms is designed and optimized as an impact buffering structure. A numerical model is established to investigate the propagation behavior of impact-induced stress wave in a SCSPG composed of viscoelastic spheres. Comprehensive evaluation functions are established to evaluate the impact mitigation performance of the SCSPG based on the consideration that the probability of impact varies with impact location. To reduce the computational complexity in the material optimization process, a two-step strategy integrating a neural network with a genetic algorithm is proposed. The hyperparameters of the neural network are optimized for the purpose of achieving high accuracy with the meta-data generated by solving the numerical model. A selection criterion of an optimal material combination is established with the distribution histogram of fitness function’s values. After the optimization, the numerical solutions of stress waves in SCSPG are improved, thus verifying the optimization results obtained by the two-step strategy. After the optimization, the reduction ratios of the values of the contact force-dependent and the velocity-dependent functions exceeded 55% and 53%, respectively. The proposed evaluation functions and the developed optimization algorithm are applicable to the design of high-performance impact mitigation SCSPG.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 201906540023), Bei**g Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Project No. 4192006), and Bei**g Nova Program of Science and Technology (Project No. Z191100001119044).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of materials and manufacturing, Bei**g University of Technology, Bei**g, People’s Republic of China

    Heying Wang, Bin Wu, **ucheng Liu & Cunfu He

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Lee Heow Pueh

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  1. Heying Wang
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  2. Bin Wu
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Correspondence to **ucheng Liu.

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Wang, H., Wu, B., Liu, X. et al. Material optimization of the square composite granular structure composed of viscoelastic spheres for improving the impact mitigation performance. Granular Matter 24, 77 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-022-01217-7

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