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The zinc complex catalyzed hydration of alkyl isothiocyanates

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Abstract

Based upon our preceding studies of the hydration of CO2, COS and CS2, accelerated by the carbonic anhydrase (CA) using simplified [ZnL3OH]+ complexes as model catalysts, we calculated the hydration mechanisms of both the uncatalyzed and the [ZnL3OH]+-catalyzed reactions (L = NH3) of isothiocyanates RNCS on the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. Interestingly, the transition state for the favored metal mediated reaction with the lowest Gibbs free energy is only slightly higher than in the case of CO2 (depending on the attacking atom (N or S). Calculations under inclusion of solvent corrections show a reduction of the selectivity and a slight decrease of the Gibbs free energy in the rate-determining steps. The most plausible pathway prefers the mechanism via a Lindskog proton-shift transition state leading to the thermodynamically most stable product, the carbamatic-S-acid. Furthermore, powerful electron withdrawing substituents R of the cumulenic substrates influence the selectivity of the reaction to a significant extent. Especially the CF3-group in trifluoromethylisothiocyanate reverses the selectivity. This investigation demonstrates that reaction principles developed by nature can be translated to develop efficient catalytic methods, in this case presumably for the transformation of a wide variety of heterocumulenes aside from CO2, COS and CS2.

Competing transition structures for the [ZnL3OH]+-mediated activation of isothiocyanates

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Acknowledgments

Financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Collaborative Research Center 436, University of Jena, Germany), the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (Germany), and the Thüringer Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst (Erfurt, Germany) is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Wilhelm A. Eger, Burkhard O. Jahn & Ernst Anders

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  1. Wilhelm A. Eger
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  2. Burkhard O. Jahn
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Correspondence to Ernst Anders.

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Eger, W.A., Jahn, B.O. & Anders, E. The zinc complex catalyzed hydration of alkyl isothiocyanates. J Mol Model 15, 433–446 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-008-0385-x

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