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Salivary irisin level is higher and related with interleukin-6 in generalized periodontitis

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Abstract

Objectives

Irisin plays an important role in energy homeostasis, inflammation, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and it is shown to have relations with many inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to determine saliva and serum irisin and IL-6 levels in patients with stage III/grade B periodontitis compared with individuals with healthy periodontium.

Materials and methods

Twenty patients with stage III grade B periodontitis (P) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (control; C) were included in this study. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Saliva and serum levels of irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were found significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared with controls (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between the periodontitis and control for serum irisin levels (p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between all periodontal parameters and salivary irisin and IL-6 (p < 0.05) and also between BMI and saliva and serum IL-6 (respectively; r = 0.530, r = 0.329, p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between salivary irisin and IL-6 (r = 0.369, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Monitoring of salivary irisin and IL-6 might be potential biomarker for predicting the susceptibility to periodontitis.

Clinical relevance

Scientific rationale for the study: Irisin is a novel adipomyokine that has played an important role in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, immunity, and inflammation. Irisin is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting many body systems. IL-6, another adipomyokine, is a major inflammatory mediator and homeostatic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and is associated with periodontitis. No studies investigated the relationship between advanced periodontal disease, irisin, and IL-6 together.

Principal findings: The salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher and positively correlated in patients with periodontitis relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased in patients with periodontitis.

Practical implications: The study shows that irisin and IL-6 can be candidate salivary biomarkers for periodontitis and predict to periodontal status.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey

    Emrah Turkmen, Erdem Veli Uzun, Fuat Bozaba, Nur Balci & Hilal Toygar

  2. Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Erdem Veli Uzun & Fuat Bozaba

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  1. Emrah Turkmen
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Contributions

ET contributed to the design of the study, recorded the clinic data, and wrote the manuscript with input from other authors. EVU contributed to the design of the study, collected the samples, and helped interpret the results. FB contributed to the design of the study, wrote the manuscript with input from other authors, and helped interpret the results. NB contributed to the design of the study, performed the statistical analysis, and helped interpret the results. HT recorded the clinic data and wrote the manuscript with input from other authors. All authors reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.

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Correspondence to Emrah Turkmen.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This research was approved by the Ethics Committee on Clinical Research of Istanbul Medipol University according to the Declaration of Helsinki (date: 13 April 2022; Number: 361). This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05474820. All participants were informed about the content and procedures of the research, and signed informed consent was obtained.

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Turkmen, E., Uzun, E.V., Bozaba, F. et al. Salivary irisin level is higher and related with interleukin-6 in generalized periodontitis. Clin Oral Invest 27, 3001–3008 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04903-9

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