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Expression of Toll-like receptor 2, Dectin-1, and Osteopontin in murine model of pulpitis

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Abstract

Objectives

This in vivo animal study aimed to develop a murine model of pulpitis induced by pulp exposure with or without application of zymosan in Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice and observe expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, Dectin-1, Osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1ß.

Material and methods

A total of 168 NMRI mice were divided into two groups, i.e., group A (n = 84) (pulpitis induced by pulp exposure only) and group B (n = 84) (pulpitis induced by pulp exposure and zymosan application). Right maxillary molar pulps were exposed with ¼ round bur, and animals were sacrificed at 0, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The exposed teeth were obtained for real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis and histological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis.

Results

Histological evaluation revealed a time-dependent steady increase in inflammation. Similar time-dependent increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines was noted. Group A exhibited an increase in TLR-4, Dectin-1, and OPN at 6 h, while TLR-2 was expressed at 24 h. Group B expressed TLR-2, Dectin-1, and OPN at 9, 48, and 72 h, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Expression of OPN and TNF-α exhibited a similar pattern in both groups. IHC also detected expression of TLR-2, Dectin-1, TLR4, and CD68 in some cells at 6 and 9 h.

Conclusions

NMRI mice provided for a stable pulp inflammation model. Zymosan may be used to develop pulp inflammation model and study inflammatory response towards fungal antigens. Dental pulp expressed Dectin-1 receptor. OPN and TNF-α exhibited a similar expression pattern.

Clinical relevance

Innate immunity of dental pulp is capable of detecting fungal pathogens.

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Acknowledgements

This study was part of a doctoral research. The authors acknowledge the help of Ms. Shazmeen Aslam and Ms. Anam Razzak of Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research for arranging logistics, Mr Mohammad Adeel of Department of Histopathology Dow University of Health Sciences for histology and Dr Abdul Samad Khan of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University for his valuable suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan

    Arshad Hasan & Javeria Ali Khan

  2. Department of Pathology, Section Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Ojha Campus, Gulzar-e-Hijri Karachi, Pakistan

    Talat Roome

  3. Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Gulzar-e-Hijri Karachi, Pakistan

    Talat Roome & Syeda Neha Ahmed Jilani

  4. Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Gulzar-e-Hijri Karachi, Pakistan

    Mohsin Wahid

  5. Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Gulzar-e-Hijri Karachi, Pakistan

    Mohsin Wahid

  6. Department of Oral Pathology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan

    Shazia Akbar Ansari & Abira Jawed

  7. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, 7th Avenue G-7/4, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Amber Kiyani

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  1. Arshad Hasan
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  2. Talat Roome
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  3. Mohsin Wahid
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  4. Shazia Akbar Ansari
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  5. Javeria Ali Khan
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  6. Syeda Neha Ahmed Jilani
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  7. Abira Jawed
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  8. Amber Kiyani
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Contributions

Arshad Hasan, Talat Roome, Mohsin Wahid and Shazia Akbar Ansari were involved in conceptualizing the study. Methodology was developed and performed by Arshad Hasan, Javeria Ali khan, Syeda Neha Ahmed Jilani, Abira Jawed and Amber Kiyani. Supervision of the project was performed by Talat Roome and Mohsin Wahid. Formal analysis was performed by Arshad Hasan, Abira Jawed and Amber Kiyani. The initial writing-review and editing was done by Arshad Hasan, Talat Roome, Mohsin Wahid, Shazia Akbar ANsari, Abira Jawed and Amber Kiyani. Investigation was performed by Arshad Hasan and Syeda Neha Ahmed Jilani. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arshad Hasan.

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Ethics approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board for Animal Research and Ethics of Dow University of Health Sciences (Letter no. AR.IRB-06/DUHS/Approval/2016/05). This study was in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 for animal research.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Hasan, A., Roome, T., Wahid, M. et al. Expression of Toll-like receptor 2, Dectin-1, and Osteopontin in murine model of pulpitis. Clin Oral Invest 27, 1177–1192 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04732-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04732-2

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