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The putative cannabinoid-secreting trichome of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae)

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Abstract

Trema, a genus of the popularly known Cannabaceae, has recently been the subject of cannabinoid bioprospection. T. micrantha is a tree with pharmacological potential widely used in folk medicine. It has two types of glandular trichomes, bulbous and filiform, spread throughout the plant body. Considering the proximity of this species to Cannabis sativa and Trema orientalis, species containing cannabinoids, the glandular trichomes of T. micrantha are also expected to be related to the secretion of these compounds. Thus, this study aims to detail the morphology of secretory trichomes during the synthesis, storing and release of metabolites in T. micrantha. We tested the proposition that they could be a putative type of cannabinoid-secreting gland. Pistillate and staminate flowers and leaves were collected and processed for ontogenic, histochemical, and ultrastructural analyses. Both types of glandular trichomes originate from a protodermal cell. They are putative cannabinoid-secreting sites because: (1) terpene-phenols and, more specifically, cannabinoids were detected in situ; (2) their secretory subcellular apparatus is consistent with that found in C. sativa: modified plastids, polyribosomes, an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a moniliform smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Plastids and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are involved in the synthesis of terpenes, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum acts in the phenolic synthesis. These substances cross the plasma membrane by exocytosis and are released outside the trichome through cuticle pores. The study of the cell biology of the putative cannabinoid glands can promote the advancement of prospecting for natural products in plants.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Maria Dolores Seabra Ferreira, José Augusto Maulin (FMRP/USP), and Edimárcio da Silva Campos (FCFRP/USP) for technical assistance and Elettra Greene for revision of the English text. This research was supported by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp—grant numbers 2018/03691–8 and 2022/12533-2), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq—grant numbers 302806/2019-9; 156025/2017-5), and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES—finance code 001).

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  1. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP14040-903, Brazil

    Simone Pádua Teixeira, Isabel Cristina Nascimento & Viviane Gonçalves Leite

  2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040–901, Brazil

    Isabel Cristina Nascimento & Marina Priolo Grejo

  3. Instituto de Pesquisa Do Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil

    Viviane Gonçalves Leite

  4. Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Insituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil

    Sílvia Rodrigues Machado

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SPT concepted and designed the study. Material preparation and data collection were performed by ICN and MPG. Data analyses were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SPT and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript.

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Teixeira, S.P., Nascimento, I.C., Grejo, M.P. et al. The putative cannabinoid-secreting trichome of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae). Protoplasma 261, 463–475 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-023-01907-w

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