SpringerLink
Log in

Biological and genetic characterization of a low-pathogenicity avian influenza H6N2 virus originating from a healthy Eurasian coot

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Influenza A virus, A/Eurasian coot/Western Australia/2727/79 (H6N2), from an apparently healthy coot was characterized. This virus was able to grow on MDCK cells and produce a cytopathic effect in the absence of exogenous trypsin and was further characterized as a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus, with an intravenous pathogenicity index of 0.15 and a 321PQAETRG328 motif at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin gene. It infected domestic chickens, resulting in seroconversion and intermittent virus excretion via cloaca and oropharynx under experimental conditions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the viral genes were closely related to other waterfowl isolates from the same geographic area and time period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

References

  1. Alexander DJ (2007) An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza. Vaccine 25:5637–5644

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Slemons RD, Swayne DE (1995) Tissue tropism and replicative properties of waterfowl-origin influenza viruses in chickens. Avian Dis 39:521–527

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Slemons RD, Swayne DE (1990) Replication of a waterfowl-origin influenza virus in the kidney and intestine of chickens. Avian Dis 34:277–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Abolnik C, Bisschop SP, Gerdes GH, Olivier AJ, Horner RF (2007) Phylogenetic analysis of low-pathogenicity avian influenza H6N2 viruses from chicken outbreaks (2001–2005) suggest that they are reassortants of historic ostrich low-pathogenicity avian influenza H9N2 and H6N8 viruses. Avian Dis 51:279–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Woolcock PR, Suarez DL, Kuney D (2003) Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) in chickens in California, 2000–02. Avian Dis 47:872–881

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Yee KS, Cardona CJ, Carpenter TE (2009) Transmission of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus of subtype H6N2 from chickens to Pekin ducks and Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Avian Pathol 38:59–64

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hoffmann E, Stech J, Leneva I, Krauss S, Scholtissek C, Chin PS, Peiris M, Shortridge KF, Webster RG (2000) Characterization of the influenza A virus gene pool in avian species in southern China: was H6N1 a derivative or a precursor of H5N1? J Virol 74:6309–6315

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Myers KP, Setterquist SF, Capuano AW, Gray GC (2007) Infection due to 3 avian influenza subtypes in United States veterinarians. Clin Infect Dis 45:4–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chin PS, Hoffmann E, Webby R, Webster RG, Guan Y, Peiris M, Shortridge KF (2002) Molecular evolution of H6 influenza viruses from poultry in Southeastern China: prevalence of H6N1 influenza viruses possessing seven A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1)-like genes in poultry. J Virol 76:507–516

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cheung CL, Vijaykrishna D, Smith GJ, Fan XH, Zhang JX, Bahl J, Duan L, Huang K, Tai H, Wang J, Poon LL, Peiris JS, Chen H, Guan Y (2007) Establishment of influenza A virus (H6N1) in minor poultry species in southern China. J Virol 81:10402–10412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Spackman E, Stallknecht DE, Slemons RD, Winker K, Suarez DL, Scott M, Swayne DE (2005) Phylogenetic analyses of type A influenza genes in natural reservoir species in North America reveals genetic variation. Virus Res 114:89–100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mackenzie JS, Edwards EC, Holmes RM, Hinshaw VS (1984) Isolation of ortho- and paramyxoviruses from wild birds in Western Australia, and the characterization of novel influenza A viruses. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 62(Pt 1):89–99

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. O.i.d.é. (2008) Avian Influenza. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals 2008. Office international des epizooties. Available via DIALOG. http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/2008/pdf/2.03.04_AI.pdf. Accessed 29 September 2009

  14. W.H.O. (2002) WHO manual on animal influenza diagnosis and surveillance. World Health Organization. Available via DIALOG. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/influenza/en/whocdscsrncs20025rev.pdf. Accessed 29 September 2009

  15. Li J, Cardona CJ, **ng Z, Woolcock PR (2008) Genetic and phenotypic characterization of a low-pathogenicity avian influenza H11N9 virus. Arch Virol 153:1899–1908

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Mo IP, Brugh M, Fletcher OJ, Rowland GN, Swayne DE (1997) Comparative pathology of chickens experimentally inoculated with avian influenza viruses of low and high pathogenicity. Avian Dis 41:125–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Tumpey TM, Kapczynski DR, Swayne DE (2004) Comparative susceptibility of chickens and turkeys to avian influenza A H7N2 virus infection and protective efficacy of a commercial avian influenza H7N2 virus vaccine. Avian Dis 48:167–176

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24:1596–1599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Harley VR, Ward CW, Hudson PJ (1989) Molecular cloning and analysis of the N5 neuraminidase subtype from an avian influenza virus. Virology 169:239–243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Slemons RD, Condobery PK, Swayne DE (1991) Assessing pathogenicity potential of waterfowl-origin type A influenza viruses in chickens. Avian Dis 35:210–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Karunakaran D, Halvorson DA, Sivanandan V, Newman JA (1988) Pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild mallard ducks and domestic turkeys. Avian Dis 32:319–323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Alexander DJ (2008) Avian influenza: diagnosis. Zoonoses Public Health 55:16–23

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Rott R (1992) The pathogenic determinant of influenza virus. Vet Microbiol 33:303–310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lee CW, Jung K, Jadhao SJ, Suarez DL (2008) Evaluation of chicken-origin (DF-1) and quail-origin (QT-6) fibroblast cell lines for replication of avian influenza viruses. J Virol Methods 153:2–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kessler N, Thomas-Roche G, Gerentes L, Aymard M (1999) Suitability of MDCK cells grown in a serum-free medium for influenza virus production. Dev Biol Stand 98: 13–21, (discussion 73–74)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Herman M, Haugerud S, Malik YS, Goyal SM (2005) Improved in vitro cultivation of swine influenza virus. Int J Appl Res Vet Med 3:124–128

    Google Scholar 

  28. Webster RG, Rott R (1987) Influenza virus A pathogenicity: the pivotal role of hemagglutinin. Cell 50:665–666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Connor RJ, Kawaoka Y, Webster RG, Paulson JC (1994) Receptor specificity in human, avian, and equine H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates. Virology 205:17–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Murdoch University, Perth, 6150, Australia

    Songhua Shan, Trevor Ellis, Stan Fenwick & John Edwards

  2. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia

    Mark O’Dea & John Parkinson

Authors
  1. Songhua Shan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Trevor Ellis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stan Fenwick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. John Edwards
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mark O’Dea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. John Parkinson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Trevor Ellis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shan, S., Ellis, T., Fenwick, S. et al. Biological and genetic characterization of a low-pathogenicity avian influenza H6N2 virus originating from a healthy Eurasian coot. Arch Virol 155, 403–409 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-010-0588-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-010-0588-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation