Abstract
During the life cycle of a tropical cyclone from the homogeneous ocean-phase to the heterogeneous land-phase, estimating the catchment-scale evapotranspiration (ET) for agricultural water management is a challenging task. For assessing the catchment-scale ET and the causative weather variables associated with the land–atmosphere interactions during the Tropical Cyclone Phailin (TC Phailin), some popular parameterization scheme combinations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were selected. The suitability of different WRF parameterization scheme combinations (PSCs) were evaluated in the Brahmani River basin in eastern India to reproduce the observed weather variables of surface (2-m) air temperature, precipitation and atmospheric pressure at hourly and daily temporal resolutions during the pre-, at-, and post events of the TC Phailin. This study found that the ‘Rapid Update Cycle’ (RUC) LSM with ‘Purdue Lin’ microphysics and ‘Arakawa convective’ cumulus scheme performed the best. Overall, the PSCs could simulate the surface air temperature better than the precipitation during the short timeframe of the extreme event, whereas the overall regional pressure simulation showed a constant bias. The results reveal that WRF-LSM model that accounts for both local (clothesline) and global (oasis) advection effects could better simulate the ET flux compared to the corresponding MOD16A2 remote sensing product and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)-56 Penmen-Monteith (PM) equation, especially during cloudy days. The local feedback of the TC Phailin over the land-surface ET flux and its climatic and land-surface drivers (soil moisture) during the pre-, at-, post-cyclone events reveal that: (a) the negative Bowen Ratio estimates during the heavy rainfall resulted in a reduced ET flux, (b) the negative sensible heat flux during this period facilitates for flow of heat from surface to atmosphere, cooling the soil of the river basin. Overall, this study aids in a better understanding of the moisture flux and energy transfer dynamics between the land–atmosphere system during the onset of a cyclone.
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Abbreviations
- BMJ:
-
Betts-Millar-Janjic
- CLM:
-
Community Land Model
- ET:
-
Evapotranspiration
- FAO:
-
Food and Agriculture Organization
- IMD:
-
India Meteorological Department
- LST:
-
Land-Surface Temperature
- LSM:
-
Land Surface Model
- MEP:
-
Maximum Entropy Production
- MODIS:
-
MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
- MT:
-
Moisture transport
- NCEP:
-
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
- OSU:
-
Oregon State University
- PBL:
-
Planetary Boundary Layer
- PM:
-
Penman-Monteith
- PSC:
-
Parameterization scheme combinations
- PT:
-
Priestley-Taylor
- RMSD:
-
Root Mean Square Deviation
- r:
-
Correlation Coefficient
- RS:
-
Remote Sensing
- RUC:
-
Rapid Update Cycle
- SAT:
-
Surface Air Temperature
- SEB:
-
Surface Energy Balance
- SSiB:
-
Simplified Simple Biosphere
- TC:
-
Tropical Cyclone
- Ts-VI:
-
Surface temperature-Vegetation Index
- WRF:
-
Weather Research and Forecasting
- YSU:
-
Younsei University
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the IMD, Pune for providing the necessary meteorological data sets to carry out this research. This data can be accessed from these agencies after fulfilling the data sharing policy. The research fellowship received by the first author under the Project: DST/CCP/CoE/79/2014(G) from the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, is duly acknowledged.
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Subhadeep Mandal: Conceptualization, Data curation, Software, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. Bhabagrahi Sahoo: Conceptualization, Supervision, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. Ashok Mishra: Conceptualization, Supervision, Resources, Writing—review & editing.
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Mandal, S., Sahoo, B. & Mishra, A. Comparative assessment of WRF’s parameterization scheme combinations in assessing land-surface feedback flux and its drivers: a case study of Phailin tropical cyclone. Theor Appl Climatol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-05032-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-05032-3