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Novel paper-based potentiometric combined sensors using coumarin derivatives modified with vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles for the selective determination of trace levels of lead ions

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Abstract

Novel miniaturized Pb(II) paper-based potentiometric sensors are described using coumarin derivatives I and II as electroactive ionophores and nano vanadium pentoxide as a solid contact material for the sensitive and selective monitoring of trace lead ions. Density functional theory (DFT) confirms optimum geometries, electronic properties, and charge transfer behaviors of 1:2 Pb(II): coumarin complexes. The sensors are prepared by using two strips of 20 × 5 mm filter paper with two circular orifices. One orifice is coated with vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles in colloidal conductive carbon as a solid-contact, covered by a PVC membrane containing coumarin ionophore to act as a sensing probe. The other orifice is treated with Ag/AgCl in a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film, to act as a reference electrode. Sensors with ionophores (I) and (II) exhibit Nernstian slopes of 27.7 ± 0.2 and 30.2 ± 0.2 mV/decade over the linear concentration range 4.5 × 10−7 to 6.2 × 10−3 M and 8.5 × 10−8 to 6.2 × 10−3 M, with detection limits of 1.3 × 10−7 M (26.9 ppb) and 2.1 × 10−8 M (4.4 ppb), respectively. The sensors are satisfactorily used for accurate determination of lead ions in drinking water, lead-acid battery wastewater, and electronic waste leachates. The results compare favourably well with data obtained by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt

    Saad S. M. Hassan & Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy

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  1. Saad S. M. Hassan
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Contributions

Saad S.M. Hassan: supervision, conceptualization, validation, writing reviewing and editing. Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy: resources, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, visualization, validation, writing—original draft, writing—reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Saad S. M. Hassan or Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy.

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All experiments adhered to the guidelines set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and the Clinical Medical Research Regulation Act of 2020. Approval was granted by the Ethical Committee (EC) of the Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

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Hassan, S.S.M., Fathy, M.A. Novel paper-based potentiometric combined sensors using coumarin derivatives modified with vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles for the selective determination of trace levels of lead ions. Microchim Acta 191, 427 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06494-y

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