SpringerLink
Log in

Highly selective extraction and voltammetric determination of the opioid drug buprenorphine via a carbon paste electrode impregnated with nano-sized molecularly imprinted polymer

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor for the opioid drug buprenorphine (BUP) is described. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIP) were prepared and used to modify a carbon paste electrode (CPE). The BUP-imprinted polymer was synthesized using precipitation polymerization. The resulting polymer along with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was used to fabricate the modified CPE which exhibited an anodic peak at about +0.73 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for BUP. The MIP on the CPE functions as selective recognition element with an imprinting factor of 5.6. The assay consists of two-steps, viz. analyte extraction at the electrode surface and differential pulse voltammetric determination of BUP. The effects of various parameters on the electrochemical signal were optimized, and the selectivity of the modified CPE over cross reactants was studied. At optimum experimental conditions, the response is linear in the 1 nM to 50 μM BUP concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.6 nM (at S/N = 3). This method was applied to the determination of BUP in spiked urine with acceptable relative standard deviations (3.2–4.4%).

Schematic representation of buprenorphine (BUP) recognition and voltammetric determination at the surface of carbon paste electrode modified with imprinted polymer and carbon nanotubes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Spain)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Werner L, Machara A, Adams DR, Cox DP, Hudlicky T (2011) Synthesis of buprenorphine from oripavine via N-demethylation of oripavine quaternary salts. J Org Chem 76:4628–4634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kögel B, Christoph T, Straβburger W, Friderichs E (2005) Interaction of μ-opioid receptor agonists and antagonists with the analgesic effect of buprenorphine in mice. Eur J Pain 9:599–611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Heel RC, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS (1979) Buprenorphine a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 17:81–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Strang J (1985) Abuse of buprenorphine. Lancet 326:725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Salem A, Pierce TL, Hope W (1997) Analysis of buprenorphine in rat plasma using a solid-phase extraction technique and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 37:75–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. **ao D, Jiang Y, Bi Y (2018) Molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of illegal drugs and additives. Microchim Acta 185:247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Souri E, Ahmadi FS, Tehrani MB, Hosseini MM, Vatan SF (2017) Validated Spectrophtometric method for simultaneous determination of buprenorphine and naloxone in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Iran J Pharm Res 16:112

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Ganjavi F, Ansari M, Kazemipour M, Zeidabadinejad L (2018) Computational design, synthesis and utilization of a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer on graphene oxide nanosheets for highly selective extraction and determination of buprenorphine in biological fluids and tablets. Anal Methods 10:5214–5226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chan KW, Harun H (2017) Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method validation for the quantification of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in whole blood. J Forensic Sci 49:186–200

    Google Scholar 

  10. Liu Y, Li X, Xu A, Nasser AF, Heidbreder C (2016) Simultaneous determination of buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine and naloxone in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 120:142–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Swortwood MJ, Scheidweiler KB, Barnes AJ, Jansson LM, Huestis MA (2016) Simultaneous quantification of buprenorphine, naloxone and phase I and II metabolites in plasma and breastmilk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1446:70–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Gomar F, Afkhami A, Madrakian T (2017) Highly sensitive simultaneous quantification of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in human plasma by magnetic solid-phase extraction based on PpPDA/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Iran Chem Soc 15(3):575–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Habibi B, Rostamkhani S, Hamidi M (2018) Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and determination of buprenorphine in human urine samples by HPLC-FL. J Iran Chem Soc 15(7):1569–1580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ganjavi F, Ansari M, Kazemipour M, Zeidabadinejad L (2017) Computer-aided design and synthesis of a highly selective molecularly imprinted polymer for the extraction and determination of buprenorphine in biological fluids. J Sep Sci 40:3175–3182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Everhart ET, Cheung P, Shwonek P, Zabel K, Tisdale EC, Jacob P, Jones RT (1997) Subnanogram-concentration measurement of buprenorphine in human plasma by electron-capture capillary gas chromatography: application to pharmacokinetics of sublingual buprenorphine. Clin Chem 43:2292–2302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Debrabandere L, Van Boven M, Laruelle L, Daenens P (1993) Routine detection of buprenorphine in horse urine: possibilities and limitations of the combined use of radioimmunoassay, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 275:295–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Alizadeh T, Akhoundian M (2010) Promethazine determination in plasma samples by using carbon paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP): coupling of extraction, preconcentration and electrochemical determination. Electro Chim Acta 55:5867–5873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Alizadeh T, Ganjali MR, Rafiei F, Akhoundian M (2017) Synthesis of nano-sized timolol-imprinted polymer via ultrasonication assisted suspension polymerization in silicon oil and its use for the fabrication of timolol voltammetric sensor. Mater Sci Eng C 77:300–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Alizadeh T, Abolghasemi Fard A (2013) Synthesis of Cu2+mediated nanosized salbutamolimprinted polymer and its use for indirect recognition of ultratrace levels of salbutamol. Anal Chim Acta 769:100–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Farmany A, Shamsara M, Mahdavi H (2017) Enhanced electrochemical biosensing of buprenorphine opioid drug by highly stabilized magnetic nanocrystals. Sensors Actuators B 239:279–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Behpour M, Valipour A, Keshavarz M (2014) Determination of buprenorphine by differential pulse voltammetry on carbon paste electrode using SDS as an enhancement factor. Mater Sci Eng C 42:500–505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Garcı́a-Fernández MA, Fernandez-Abedul MT, Costa-Garcı́a A (1999) Voltammetric study and determination of buprenorphine in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 21:809–815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gholivand MB, Jalalvand AR, Goicoechea HC, Skov T (2014) Fabrication of an ultrasensitive impedimetric buprenorphine hydrochloride biosensor from computational and experimental angles. Talanta 124:27–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. García-Fernández MA, Fernández-Abedul MT, Costa-García A (2001) Determination of buprenorphine in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Chromatographia 53:704–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jahanbakhshi M (2019) In situ synthesis of rhodium nanoparticles - mesoporous carbon hybrid via a novel and facile nanocasting method for simultaneous determination of morphine and buprenorphine. Mater Sci Eng C 97:479–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fakhari AR, Sahragard A, Ahmar H (2014) Development of an electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed carbon electrode for the determination of buprenorphine. Electroanalysis 26(11):2474–2483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sellergren B (2000) Molecularly imprinted polymers: man-made mimics of antibodies and their application in analytical chemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 23:582

  28. Akhoundian M, Alizadeh T, Ganjali MR, Rafiei F (2018) A new carbon paste electrode modified with MWCNTs and nano-structured molecularly imprinted polymer for ultratrace determination of trimipramine: the crucial effect of electrode components mixing on its performance. Biosens Bioelectron 111:27–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Akhoundian M, Alizadeh T, Ganjali MR, Norouzi P (2019) Ultra-trace detection of methamphetamine in biological samples using FFT-square wave voltammetry and nano-sized imprinted polymer/MWCNTs-modified electrode. Talanta 200:115–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Alizadeh T, Amjadi S (2017) Indirect voltammetric determination of nicotinic acid by using a graphite paste electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide and a molecularly imprinted polymer. Microchim Acta 184:2687–2695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Alizadeh T, Amjadi S (2017) A tryptophan assay based on the glassy carbon electrode modified with a nano-sized tryptophan-imprinted polymer and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. New J Chem 41:4493–4502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran

    Taher Alizadeh, Fatemeh Atashi, Maedeh Akhoundian & Mohammad Reza Ganjali

  2. Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Ganjali

Authors
  1. Taher Alizadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fatemeh Atashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maedeh Akhoundian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad Reza Ganjali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taher Alizadeh.

Ethics declarations

The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 72 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alizadeh, T., Atashi, F., Akhoundian, M. et al. Highly selective extraction and voltammetric determination of the opioid drug buprenorphine via a carbon paste electrode impregnated with nano-sized molecularly imprinted polymer. Microchim Acta 186, 654 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3736-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3736-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation