Abstract
Despite being the second largest family of flowering plants, orchids represent community structure variation in plant-microbial associations, contributes to niche partitioning in metacommunity assemblages. Yet, mycorrhizal communities and interactions remain unknown for orchids that are highly specialized or even obligated in their associations with their mycorrhizal partners. In this study, we sought to compare orchid mycorrhizal fungal (OMF) communities of three co-occurring hemiepiphytic Vanilla species (V. hartii, V. pompona, and V. trigonocarpa) in tropical forests of Costa Rica by addressing the identity of their OMF communities across species, root types, and populations, using high-throughput sequencing. Sequencing the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) yielded 299 fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from 193 root samples. We showed distinct segregation in the putative OMF (pOMF) communities of the three coexisting Vanilla hosts. We also found that mycorrhizal communities associated with the rare V. hartii varied among populations. Furthermore, we identified Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae as dominant pOMF families in terrestrial roots of the three Vanilla species. In contrast, the epiphytic roots were mainly dominated by OTUs belonging to the Atractiellales and Serendipitaceae. Furthermore, the pOMF communities differed significantly across populations of the widespread V. trigonocarpa and showed patterns of distance decay in similarity. This is the first report of different pOMF communities detected in roots of wild co-occurring Vanilla species using high-throughput sequencing, which provides evidence that three coexisting Vanilla species and their root types exhibited pOMF niche partitioning, and that the rare and widespread Vanilla hosts displayed diverse mycorrhizal preferences.
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Data availability
Raw sequences generated by Illumina MiSeq are available on GenBank through BioProject PRJNA772268.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the staff of Osa Conservation (Andrew Whitworth, Ruthmery Pillco Huarcaya, Rebecca Cole, Alejandro Jiménez), Jardin Botanico Lankester (Marco V. Cedeño Fonseca, Isler F. Chinchilla Alvarado, Gustavo Rojas-Alvarado), and the University of Costa Rica (Federico Albertazzi) for logistical support in the field and sample preparation for lyophilization. We also thank Christoffer Bugge Harder, Melania Fernández and Neha Sawant for their support in lab work. We are grateful to Ginger F. V. Angstadt, Ph.D. for the English editing of the manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Grant (DEB-1355155) to JS. Field work in Costa Rica for SW was supported by the Presidential Graduate Fellowship from Texas Tech University Graduate School and the Plant and Soil Science Department Scholarship (Harold and Mary Dregne Graduate Program Endowment).
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JS, SW, AK, and PK designed the study. SW, JS, and AK conducted the fieldwork. SW carried out the lab work. SW and JK performed the bioinformatics analyses. SW carried out biostatistical analyses. SW and PK wrote the first draft of the manuscript. SW, JK, AK, and PK participated in reviewing and editing the manuscript. SW, PK, AK, and JS participated in revising the manuscript. All authors agreed to the final version of the manuscript.
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Raw sequences generated by Illumina MiSeq are available on GenBank through BioProject PRJNA772268.
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Wong, S., Kaur, J., Kumar, P. et al. Distinct orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities among co-occurring Vanilla species in Costa Rica: root substrate and population-based segregation. Mycorrhiza 34, 229–250 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-024-01147-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-024-01147-7