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Various forms of organic and inorganic P fertilizers did not negatively affect soil- and root-inhabiting AM fungi in a maize–soybean rotation system

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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are key components of most agricultural ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the impact of agricultural practices on their community structure is essential to improve nutrient mobilization and reduce plant stress in the field. The effects of five different organic or mineral sources of phosphorus (P) for a maize–soybean rotation system on AM fungal diversity in roots and soil were assessed over a 3-year period. Total DNA was extracted from root and soil samples collected at three different plant growth stages. An 18S rRNA gene fragment was amplified and taxa were detected and identified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis followed by sequencing. AM fungal biomass was estimated by fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Soil P fertility parameters were also monitored and analyzed for possible changes related with fertilization or growth stages. Seven AM fungal ribotypes were detected. Fertilization significantly modified soil P flux, but had barely any effect on AM fungi community structure or biomass. There was no difference in the AM fungal community between plant growth stages. Specific ribotypes could not be significantly associated to P treatment. Ribotypes were associated with root or soil samples with variable detection frequencies between seasons. AM fungal biomass remained stable throughout the growing seasons. This study demonstrated that roots and soil host distinct AM fungal communities and that these are very temporally stable. The influence of contrasting forms of P fertilizers was not significant over 3 years of crop rotation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Saad El Din Hassan and Stéphane Daigle for their help with the phylogenetic and statistical analyses, Keith G. Hanson and Mary-Anne Reeb for their help with the soil and plant variables data; Brian Hohner, George Stasko, Karl Rinas, and the farm crew at the GPCRC for the field plots establishment, management, and samplings. This work was supported by an Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada GAPS team grant allocated to C. Hamel and collaborators and by an NSERC discovery grant to M. St-Arnaud.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1X 2B2

    M. S. Beauregard, M.-P. Gauthier & M. St-Arnaud

  2. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1 Airport Road, Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada, S9H 3X2

    M. S. Beauregard & C. Hamel

  3. Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, ON, Canada, N0R 1G0

    T. Zhang, T. Welacky & C. S. Tan

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  1. M. S. Beauregard
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  2. M.-P. Gauthier
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  3. C. Hamel
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  4. T. Zhang
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  5. T. Welacky
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  7. M. St-Arnaud
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Correspondence to M. St-Arnaud.

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Beauregard, M.S., Gauthier, MP., Hamel, C. et al. Various forms of organic and inorganic P fertilizers did not negatively affect soil- and root-inhabiting AM fungi in a maize–soybean rotation system. Mycorrhiza 23, 143–154 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-012-0459-6

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