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The temporal evolution of monogenetic volcanism in the Central Andes: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of El Negrillar volcanic field, Chile

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Abstract

El Negrillar volcanic field has the largest extent and erupted volume (~ 6.8 km3 DRE) of all the monogenetic centers of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ). The volcanic field comprises 51 eruptive centers and 98 lava flows distributed in three clusters: Northern El Negrillar (NEN), Central El Negrillar (CEN), and Southern El Negrillar (SEN). Here, we present a geological map of El Negrillar, with detail of effusive and explosive volcanic deposits not previously mapped in the southern sector of the CEN and SEN clusters. Ten samples of El Negrillar’s deposits associated with effusive and phreatomagmatic activity were dated using 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, establishing, along with previously published dates, a geochronological characterization of the development of El Negrillar’s monogenetic field. The collected age data yields a range of 0.982 ± 0.008 to 0.141 ± 0.072 Ma, compared to previously published K–Ar ages for the same deposits range from < 1.5 Ma to 0.6 ± 0.4 Ma. The new ages presented here indicate that the effusive activity at El Negrillar (NEN, CEN, and SEN), and the phreatomagmatic activity in the CEN (dated for first time) occurred quasi-simultaneously (within error). The end of the volcanic activity within the monogenetic field occurred in the eastern sector of the CEN at 0.141 ± 0.072 Ma, which represents the youngest eruption ages of El Negrillar. If these new ages are revisited within the regional context of the SW sector of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC), the monogenetic volcanoes appear to be the result of a migration of mafic vents along a southwest-northeast trend, as shown by their age variation from the oldest to the youngest volcanic center: Morro Punta Negra, La Negrillar, El Negrillar, Tilocálar Sur, Tilocálar Norte, Cerro Tujle, El País, Puntas Negras, La Albóndiga Grande, and Cerro Overo. These results highlight the structural control on the emplacement of monogenetic mafic volcanism in the APVC.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Pablo Grosse and Belén Muñoz, who kindly provided access to the TanDEM-X DEM Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center DLR) under proposal DEM_GEOL1342 and DEM_GEOL3596, respectively. Special thanks go to Philippe Robidoux, Santiago Maza, Javiera Véliz, Belén Muñoz, Francisca Aguilera, Gustavo Muñoz, Debora Cáceres, and Christian Tobar for their invaluable assistance during the fieldwork campaigns. Finally, the authors extend their appreciation to Shan de Silva for reviewing an early version of the manuscript, to Karoly Németh, and an anonymous reviewer, as well as to the Editors Alexei V. Ivanov and Marie Edmonds, for their valuable comments and suggestions, all of which significantly contributed to the improvement of the original manuscript.

Funding

Financial support for this research was provided by Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID) through FONDECYT de INICIACIÓN program, Folio 11200293, granted to P. Larrea, as well as through FONDAP projects with Folios 15090013, 15200001 and ACE2100005 (Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes, CEGA). P. Larrea also received support from Proyecto de Instalación Académica—FCFM, Universidad de Chile.

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  1. Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas (FCFM), Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile

    Camila Loaiza, Patricia Larrea, Daniela Parra-Encalada & Rubén Cartagena

  2. Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes (CEGA), FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile

    Patricia Larrea, Daniela Parra-Encalada & Benigno Godoy

  3. Colegio de Geografía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, SUAyED, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    Sergio Salinas

  4. Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Recoleta, 8420524, Santiago, Chile

    Benigno Godoy

Authors
  1. Camila Loaiza
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  2. Patricia Larrea
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  3. Sergio Salinas
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  4. Daniela Parra-Encalada
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  5. Rubén Cartagena
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  6. Benigno Godoy
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricia Larrea.

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Editorial responsibility: A. V. Ivanov

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Loaiza, C., Larrea, P., Salinas, S. et al. The temporal evolution of monogenetic volcanism in the Central Andes: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of El Negrillar volcanic field, Chile. Bull Volcanol 86, 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01691-8

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