Abstract
Hyalomma anatolicum, an Anatolian hard tick is a well-recognized vector involved in the transmission of various pathogens to animals and humans. The present study elucidated the population structure and haplotype network of H. anatolicum based on the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequence. The population structure and haplotype network analysis of 75 sequences archived in the GenBank, including the 15 sequences generated herein, yielded 24 haplotypes. Haplotype 1 (Hap_1) was the predominant haplotype consisting of 45 sequences from India, China, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, and Tajikistan. The complete haplotype network exhibited a stellate conformation, highlighting a recent population expansion. The overall dataset, together with the sequences corresponding to India, China, and Pakistan, showed a high haplotype (0.638 ± 0.065, 0.671 ± 0.103, 0.753 ± 0.099, and 0.854 ± 0.061, respectively) and low nucleotide (0.00407 ± 0.00090, 0.00525 ± 0.00196, 0.00680 ± 0.00233, and 0.00453 ± 0.00056, respectively) diversity, further emphasized a recent population expansion. The neutrality indices including Tajima’s D, Fu and Li’s D, and Fu and Li’s F for the complete dataset (− 2.661, − 6.008, and − 5.649, respectively) as well as for the sequences from India (− 2.223, − 3.414, and − 3.567, respectively) were negative, suggesting deviation from neutrality and a recent population expansion. The present study provided novel insights into the population structure and haplotype networks of H. anatolicum based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, and the different tests inferred a low genetic differentiation and suggested a recent population expansion of this economically important tick species.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Director of Research and the Dean, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences for providing the necessary funds and facilities to carry out the research. Authors are also thankful to RKVY- RAFTAAR for enriching the department with the facilities which were utilized during the research.
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ADM was involved in conceptualization, sample collection, investigation, methodology, and writing. AKN was involved in sample collection, investigation, and laboratory work. NL and VK helped in the collection of samples. SV was involved in supervision and editing. All the authors contributed to the review.
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Moudgil, A.D., Nehra, A.K., Langyan, N. et al. Population structure and haplotype network analyses of Hyalomma anatolicum based on the large subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. Parasitol Res 123, 259 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08279-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08279-x