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Diversity and phylogeny of Paradiplozoon species (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) parasitising endemic cyprinoids in the peri-Mediterranean area, with a description of three new Paradiplozoon species

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Abstract

The Diplozoidae are monogenean parasites of mainly cyprinoid fishes with a unique life cycle, whereby two larvae undergo anastomosis and fuse into a single cross-shaped specimen. Paradiplozoon is the most species rich and widespread genus of the family, with a distribution range covering Eurasia and Africa; however, some areas remain underexplored and their diplozoid fauna is uncertain. In the present study, the Paradiplozoon diversity was investigated in the peri-Mediterranean region, which has the highest levels of cyprinoid diversity and endemism in Europe. A total of 36 endemic cyprinoid species were sampled from sites in north-west Africa and the southern European peninsulas and investigated for the presence of diplozoid parasites. Of five Paradiplozoon species collected, three were identified as new to science: Paradiplozoon moroccoensis n. sp. from the Moroccan endemic Luciobarbus lepineyi; Paradiplozoon ibericus n. sp. from Iberian endemic cyprinids and leuciscids and Paradiplozoon helleni n. sp. from the Greek endemic Scardinius acarnicus and Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus (descriptions provided herein). In addition, new host records for P. homoion and P. megan are presented, with the former being most prevalent in the investigated region. Phylogenetic analysis supported paraphyly of the genus Paradiplozoon, and suggests the need for a careful taxonomic re-evaluation of this genus. Furthermore, the results showed that endemic Paradiplozoon of the peri-Mediterranean do not form a monophyletic group, suggesting multiple origins of this parasite groups in different peri-Mediterranean regions.

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Data availability

All new DNA sequences of Paradiplozoon parasites and Octomacrum europaeum obtained during this study were deposited directly into NCBI GenBank under accession numbers MT417723–MT417736 and MT441500 respectively. Type material of new Paradiplozoon species was deposited in IPCAS under voucher numbers (IPCAS M-746, IPCAS M-747, and IPCAS M-748).

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Jaroslav Červenka, Maria Lujza Červenka Kičinja, Tomáš Pakosta, Eva Řehulková (Masaryk University, Czech Republic) and Antoine Pariselle (Mohammed V University, Morocco) for their help with fish processing and parasite collection. We are also grateful to Radek Šanda and Jasna Vukić (Natural Museum and Charles University, respectively, Czech Republic), Ignacio Doadrio (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Spain), Carla Sousa-Santos (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Portugal), Ivan Bogut (Josip Jujar Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia), Dario Marić (Dobrič b. b., Bosnia and Herzegovina), Spase Shumka (Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania), Denik Ulqini (Universiteti i Shkodres 'Luigj Gurakuqi‘, Albania), Ivana Buj and Zoran Marčić (University of Zagreb, Croatia) and Stamatis Zogaris (Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece) for their help with fish collection and identification. We kindly thank Kevin Roche for English revision of the final draft.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project no. GA15-19382S). From 2020, the study was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project no. GA20-13539S).

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  1. Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Michal Benovics, Božena Koubková, Kristína Civáňová & Andrea Šimková

  2. Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

    Imane Rahmouni

  3. Brno, Czech Republic

    Kateřina Čermáková

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  1. Michal Benovics
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Benovics, M., Koubková, B., Civáňová, K. et al. Diversity and phylogeny of Paradiplozoon species (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) parasitising endemic cyprinoids in the peri-Mediterranean area, with a description of three new Paradiplozoon species. Parasitol Res 120, 481–496 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06982-z

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