SpringerLink
Log in

A shift in focus towards precision oncology, driven by revolutionary nanodiagnostics; revealing mysterious pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), with chromosomal instability (CIN) playing a significant role. CRC is influenced by mutations in several important genes, including APC, TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, and SMYD4. The three molecular subtypes of this disease are CIN, MSI-H, and CIMP (CpG-island phenotype). p53 dysfunction and aberrant Wnt signalling are common characteristics of CRC carcinogenesis. Despite advances in conventional therapy, metastatic CRC remains difficult to treat due to toxicity and resistance. Theranostics for cancer could significantly benefit from nanotechnology, as it would enable more targeted, individualised care with fewer side effects. Utilising functionalized nanoparticles has enabled MRI-guided gene therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy, thereby radically modifying the way cancer is treated. Active targeting using ligands or peptides on nanoparticles improves the delivery of drugs to cancer cells. Nanostructures such as drug peptide conjugates, chitosan nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, hybrid lipid–polymer nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, and quantum dots may enable targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy against CRC. Nanomedicines are presently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of colorectal cancer, with the promise of more effective and individualised therapies. This article examines current nanomedicine patents for CRC, including the work of Delta-Fly, Merrimack, and Pfenning, Meaning & Partner, among others. In terms of future nanomedicine research and development, ligand production, particle size, and clearance are crucial factors. Lastly, the numerous nanostructures utilized in nanomedicine for targeted drug administration and diagnostics indicate optimistic prospects for enhancing CRC treatment. The successes of nanomedicine research and development for existing colon cancer treatments are also highlighted in this review.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (France)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

APC:

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli

TP53:

Tumor Protein 53 (p53)

KRAS:

Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog

PIK3CA:

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha

BRAF:

B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase

SMAD4:

SMAD Family Member 4

FAP:

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

HNPCC:

Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Carcinoma

MSI-H:

Microsatellite Instability-High

CIN:

Chromosomal instability

CIMP:

CpG Island Methylation Phenotype

Wnt:

Wingless/integrated

TCF:

T-cell factor

MSS:

Microsatellite Stable

mCRC:

Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

EPR:

Enhanced Permeation and Retention

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PET:

Positron Emission Tomography

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

SPIONs:

Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

NIR:

Near-infrared

PLNPs:

Luminescent nanoparticles

NLCs:

Nanostructured lipid carriers

CPPs:

Cell-penetrating peptides

CTPs:

Cell-targeting peptides

CXCR4:

C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4

PDCs:

Drug Peptide Conjugates

CT:

Chemotherapy

RT-CT:

Radiotherapy–chemotherapy

RGD:

Arg-Gly-Asp

FDA:

Food and drug administration

siRNAs:

Small Interfering RNAs

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen species

TK NPs:

Tumor-Targeted Nanoparticles with siRNA Payloads

References

  • Abdel-Salam M, Omran B, Whitehead K, Baek K-H (2020) Superior properties and biomedical applications of microorganism-derived fluorescent quantum dots. Molecules 25(19):4486

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Acharya S, Sahoo SK (2011) PLGA nanoparticles containing various anticancer agents and tumour delivery by EPR effect. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 63(3):170–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aibani N, Rai R, Patel P, Cuddihy G, Wasan EK (2021) Chitosan nanoparticles at the biological interface: implications for drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 13(10):1686

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alharbi NS, Alsubhi NS (2022) Green synthesis and anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles prepared using fruit extract of Azadirachta indica. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 15(3):335–345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Joufi FA, Setia A, Salem-Bekhit MM, Sahu RK, Alqahtani FY, Widyowati R, Aleanizy FS (2022) Molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer with an emphasis on recent advances in biomarkers, as well as nanotechnology-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Nanomaterials 12(1):169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Albekairi NA, Albekairi TH, Alharbi OO, Yeapuri P, Singh S (2022) Protective effect of CP690550 in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s like behavioural. Biochem Histol Alterat Mice Neurotoxicity Res 40(2):564–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alzahrani SM, Al Doghaither HA, Al-Ghafari AB (2021) General insight into cancer: an overview of colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 15(6):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S (2019) Nanoparticles in the clinic: an update. Bioeng Transl Med 4(3):e10143

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Anuse SS, Sumathi V, Uma C, Sangeetha D, Sivagurunathan P, Kumar DJM (2022) Greener synthesis and characterization of the selenium nanoparticles from acacia catechu. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 43(24):58–71. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2022/v43i243286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attia MF, Anton N, Wallyn J, Omran Z, Vandamme TF (2019) An overview of active and passive targeting strategies to improve the nanocarriers efficiency to tumour sites. J Pharm Pharmacol 71(8):1185–1198

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bansal SA, Kumar V, Karimi J, Singh AP, Kumar S (2020) Role of gold nanoparticles in advanced biomedical applications. Nanoscale Adv 2(9):3764–3787

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barabadi H, Vahidi H, DamavandiKamali K, Rashedi M, Hosseini O, GolnaraghiGhomi AR, Saravanan M (2020a) Emerging theranostic silver nanomaterials to combat colorectal cancer: a systematic review. J Cluster Sci 31(2):311–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barabadi H, Vahidi H, Rashedi M, Mahjoub MA, Nanda A, Saravanan MJNJ (2020b) Recent advances in biological mediated cancer research using silver nanoparticles as a promising strategy for hepatic cancer therapeutics: a systematic review. Nanomed J 7(4):251–262

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barani M, Bilal M, Rahdar A, Arshad R, Kumar A, Hamishekar H, Kyzas GZ (2021) Nanodiagnosis and nanotreatment of colorectal cancer: an overview. J Nanopart Res 23(1):18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barkat A, Beg S, Panda SK, Alharbi KS, Rahman M, Ahmed FJ (2021) Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles in anticancer therapeutics. In: Seminars in Cancer Biology, Elsevier, pp 365–375

  • Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, Arain MA, Chen Y-J, Ciombor KK, Cohen S, Cooper HS, Deming D, Farkas L (2021) Colon cancer, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 19(3):329–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry S, Giraldo N, Nguyen P, Green B, Xu H, Ogurtsova A, Soni A, Succaria F, Wang D, Roberts C (2019) Correction to: 33rd annual meeting and pre-conference programs of the society for immunotherapy of cancer (SITC 2018). J Immunother Cancer 7:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya S, Prajapati BG, Singh S (2023) A critical review on the dissemination of PH and stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoparticular systems to improve drug delivery in cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 185:103961

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biranje A, Azmi N, Tiwari A, Chaskar A (2021) Quantum dots based fluorescent probe for the selective detection of heavy metal ions. J Fluoresc 31(5):1241–1250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blakeley M, Sharma PK, Kaper HJ, Bostanci N, Crouzier T (2022) Lectin-functionalized polyethylene glycol for relief of mucosal dryness. Adv Healthcare Mater 11(2):2101719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouché M, Hsu JC, Dong YC, Kim J, Taing K, Cormode DP (2019) Recent advances in molecular imaging with gold nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 31(2):303–314

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brar B, Ranjan K, Palria A, Kumar R, Ghosh M, Sihag S, Minakshi P (2021) Nanotechnology in colorectal cancer for precision diagnosis and therapy. Front Nanotechnol 3:699266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabeza L, Perazzoli G, Mesas C, Jiménez-Luna C, Prados J, Rama AR, Melguizo C (2020) Nanoparticles in colorectal cancer therapy: latest in vivo assays, clinical trials, and patents. AAPS PharmSciTech 21:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carbary-Ganz JL, Welge WA, Barton JK, Utzinger U (2015) In vivo molecular imaging of colorectal cancer using quantum dots targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and optical coherence tomography/laser-induced fluorescence dual-modality imaging. J Biomed Opt 20(9):096015–096015

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Zhou Y, Chen C, Zhu S, Yan X (2022) Quantification of available ligand density on the surface of targeted liposomal nanomedicines at the single-particle level. ACS Nano 16(4):6886–6897

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary A, Singh S, Ravichandiran V (2022) Toxicity, preparation methods and applications of silver nanoparticles: an update. Toxicol Mech Methods 32(9):650–661

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz E, Kayser V (2019) Monoclonal antibody therapy of solid tumors: clinical limitations and novel strategies to enhance treatment efficacy. Biologics 33–51

  • D’Alterio C, Zannetti A, Trotta AM, Ieranò C, Napolitano M, Rea G, Greco A, Maiolino P, Albanese S, Scognamiglio G (2020) New CXCR4 antagonist peptide R (Pep R) improves standard therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancers 12(7):1952

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Domingues C, Santos A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Jarak I, Veiga F, Barbosa I, Dourado M, Figueiras A (2022) Where is nano today and where is it headed? A review of nanomedicine and the dilemma of nanotoxicology. ACS Nano 16(7):9994–10041

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elahi N, Rizwan M (2021) Progress and prospects of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical applications: a review. Artif Organs 45(11):1272–1299

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elmowafy M, Al-Sanea MM (2021) Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as drug delivery platform: Advances in formulation and delivery strategies. Saudi Pharm J 29(9):999–1012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • ElRuz R, Gupta I, Allouch A (2020) Molecular mechanisms of colon cancer progression and metastasis: recent insights and advancements

  • Falz R, Bischoff C, Thieme R, Lässing J, Mehdorn M, Stelzner S, Busse M, Gockel I (2022) Effects and duration of exercise-based prehabilitation in surgical therapy of colon and rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 148(9):2187–2213

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald RC, Antoniou AC, Fruk L, Rosenfeld N (2022) The future of early cancer detection. Nat Med 28(4):666–677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galgano SJ, Calderone CE, McDonald AM, Nix JW, de Shazo M, Yang ES, McConathy JE, Rais-Bahrami S (2019) Patient demographics and referral patterns for [F-18] fluciclovine-Pet imaging at a tertiary academic medical center. J Am College Radiol 16(3):315–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesh K, Stadler ZK, Cercek A, Mendelsohn RB, Shia J, Segal NH, Diaz LA Jr (2019) Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: rationale, challenges and potential. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16(6):361–375

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Garg U, Chauhan S, Nagaich U, Jain N (2019) Current advances in chitosan nanoparticles based drug delivery and targeting. Adv Pharm Bull 9(2):195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gockel I, Hochhaus A, Höffken K (2020) Paul Ehrlichs „magic bullets“ und die Präzisionsonkologie. Onkologe 26(8):677–678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S (2021) Photodynamic therapy—current limitations and novel approaches. Front Chem 9:691697

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gurunathan S, Kang M-H, Qasim M, Kim J-H (2018) Nanoparticle-mediated combination therapy: two-in-one approach for cancer. Int J Mol Sci 19(10):3264

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Habeeb Rahuman HB, Dhandapani R, Narayanan S, Palanivel V, Paramasivam R, Subbarayalu R, Thangavelu S, Muthupandian S (2022) Medicinal plants mediated the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. IET Nanobiotechnol 16(4):115–144

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Han S, Chen C, Chen C, Wu L, Wu X, Lu C, Zhang X, Chao P, Lv X, Jia Z, Hou J (2023) Coupling annealed silver nanoparticles with a porous silicon Bragg mirror SERS substrate and machine learning for rapid non-invasive disease diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 1254:341116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hani U, Honnavalli YK, Begum MY, Yasmin S, Osmani RAM, Ansari MY (2021) Colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review based on the novel drug delivery systems approach and its management. J Drug Deliver Sci Technol 63:102532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He J-S, Liu S-J, Zhang Y-R, Chu X-D, Lin Z-B, Zhao Z, Qiu S-H, Guo Y-G, Ding H, Pan Y-L (2021) The application of and strategy for gold nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 12:687399

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Herdiana Y, Wathoni N, Shamsuddin S, Joni IM, Muchtaridi M (2021) Chitosan-based nanoparticles of targeted drug delivery system in breast cancer treatment. Polymers 13(11):1717

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Hernández AA, Aguirre-Álvarez G, Cariño-Cortés R, Mendoza-Huizar LH, Jiménez-Alvarado R (2020) Iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, functionalization, and applications in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Chem Pap 74(11):3809–3824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hershberger KK, Gauger AJ, Bronstein LM (2021) Utilizing stimuli responsive linkages to engineer and enhance polymer nanoparticle-based drug delivery platforms. ACS Appl Bio Mater 4(6):4720–4736

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoppenz P, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG (2020) Peptide-drug conjugates and their targets in advanced cancer therapies. Front Chem 8:571

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huang R, Li J, Kebebe D, Wu Y, Zhang B, Liu Z (2018) Cell penetrating peptides functionalized gambogic acid-nanostructured lipid carrier for cancer treatment. Drug Delivery 25(1):757–765

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jarockyte G, Karabanovas V, Rotomskis R, Mobasheri A (2020) Multiplexed nanobiosensors: current trends in early diagnostics. Sensors 20(23):6890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jhaveri J, Raichura Z, Khan T, Momin M, Omri A (2021) Chitosan nanoparticles-insight into properties, functionalization and applications in drug delivery and theranostics. Molecules 26(2):272

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kara G, Calin GA, Ozpolat B (2022) RNAi-based therapeutics and tumor targeted delivery in cancer. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 182:114113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal D, Gupta S, Pathak YV (2022) Delivery of siRNA to macrophages: challenges and opportunities. Macrophage targeted delivery systems: basic concepts and therapeutic applications, pp 469–487

  • Kenchegowda M, Rahamathulla M, Hani U, Begum MY, Guruswamy S, Osmani RAM, Gowrav MP, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Alshlowi A (2021) Smart nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy: a review. Molecules 27(1):146

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA (2021) Exploring polyps to colon carcinoma voyage: can blocking the crossroad halt the sequence? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 147(8):2199–2207

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krzysztof S, Gorzkiewicz M, Klajnert-Maculewicz BJMP (2019) Gold nanoparticles in cancer treatment. Mol Pharm 16:1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Ali A, Kapardar RK, Dar GM, Nimisha A, Sharma AK, Verma R, Sattar RSA, Ahmad E, Mahajan B, Saluja SS (2023) Implication of gut microbes and its metabolites in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149(1):441–465

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis J, Hoos A, Gale RP (2008) Combination chemotherapy comprising 5-fluorouracil or a derivative thereof and a liposomal platinum complex. Google Patents

  • Li Y, Duo Y, Bao S, He L, Ling K, Luo J, Zhang Y, Huang H, Zhang H, Yu X (2017) EpCAM aptamer-functionalized polydopamine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with DM1 for targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. Int J Nanomed 12:6239–6257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li T, Shi S, Goel S, Shen X, **e X, Chen Z, Zhang H, Li S, Qin X, Yang H (2019a) Recent advancements in mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards therapeutic applications for cancer. Acta Biomater 89:1–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li T, Shi S, Goel S, Shen X, **e X, Chen Z, Zhang H, Li S, Qin X, Yang H (2019b) Recent advancements in mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards therapeutic applications for cancer. Acta Biomater 89:1–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang Z, Khawar MB, Liang J, Sun H (2021) Bio-conjugated quantum dots for cancer research: detection and imaging. Front Oncol 11:749970

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Zhang Q, Wang J, Fan L, Zhu W, Cai D (2019) Hyaluronic acid-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes loaded with doxorubicin for the treatment of breast cancer. Pharmazie 74(2):83–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Løes IM, Immervoll H, Sorbye H, Angelsen JH, Horn A, Knappskog S, Lønning PE (2016) Impact of KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, TP53 status and intraindividual mutation heterogeneity on outcome after liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases. Int J Cancer 139(3):647–656

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Makvandi P, Zarepour A, Zheng X, Agarwal T, Ghomi M, Sartorius R, Zare EN, Zarrabi A, Wu A, Maiti TK (2021) Non-spherical nanostructures in nanomedicine: from noble metal nanorods to transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets. Appl Mater Today 24:101107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malki A, ElRuz RA, Gupta I, Allouch A, Vranic S, Al Moustafa A-E (2020) Molecular mechanisms of colon cancer progression and metastasis: recent insights and advancements. Int J Mol Sci 22(1):130

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Manthalkar L, Ajazuddin, Bhattacharya S (2022) Evidence-based capacity of natural cytochrome enzyme inhibitors to increase the effectivity of antineoplastic drugs. Discover Oncol 13(1):142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell MJ, Billingsley MM, Haley RM, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA, Langer R (2021) Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 20(2):101–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Modest D, Pant S, Sartore-Bianchi A (2019) Treatment sequencing in metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 109:70–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moularas C, Georgiou Y, Adamska K, Deligiannakis Y (2019) Thermoplasmonic heat generation efficiency by nonmonodisperse core-shell Ag0@ SiO2 nanoparticle ensemble. J Phys Chem C 123(36):22499–22510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee A, Paul M, Mukherjee S (2019) Recent progress in the theranostics application of nanomedicine in lung cancer. Cancers 11(5):597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Niculescu A-G, Grumezescu AM (2021) Photodynamic therapy—an up-to-date review. Appl Sci 11(8):3626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noe O, Filipiak L, Royfman R, Campbell A, Lin L, Hamouda D, Stanbery L, Nemunaitis J (2021) Adenomatous polyposis coli in cancer and therapeutic implications. Oncol Rev 15(1):534. https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2021.534

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ou Y-C, Wen X, Bardhan R (2020) Cancer immunoimaging with smart nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol 38(4):388–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panzarini E, Mariano S, Carata E, Mura F, Rossi M, Dini L (2018) Intracellular transport of silver and gold nanoparticles and biological responses: an update. Int J Mol Sci 19(5):1305

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Raikwar S, Jain A, Saraf S, Bidla PD, Panda PK, Tiwari A, Verma A, Jain SK (2022) Opportunities in combinational chemo-immunotherapy for breast cancer using nanotechnology: an emerging landscape. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 19(3):247–268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riadi Y, Afzal O, Geesi MH, Almalki WH, Singh T (2023) Baicalin-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles inhibiting the proliferation of human colon cancer: pharmacokinetics and in vivo evaluation. Polymers 15(3):598

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rimu SH, Rahman MM (2022) Insight of chitosan-based nanocomposite for removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater-a review. Int J Environ Anal Chem 102(18):6801–6818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy A, Narayan G (2019) Oncogenic potential of nucleoporins in non-hematological cancers: recent update beyond chromosome translocation and gene fusion. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 145(12):2901–2910

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudzinski WE, Palacios A, Ahmed A, Lane MA, Aminabhavi TMJ (2016) Targeted delivery of small interfering RNA to colon cancer cells using chitosan and PEGylated chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polym 147:323–332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanoff HK, Moon DH, Moore DT, Boles J, Bui C, Blackstock W, O’Neil BH, Subramaniam S, McRee AJ, Carlson C (2019) Phase I/II trial of nano-camptothecin CRLX101 with capecitabine and radiotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Nanomedicine 18:189–195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schatoff EM, Leach BI, Dow LE (2017) Wnt signaling and colorectal cancer. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 13(2):101–110

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shah D, Ajazuddin, Bhattacharya S (2023) Role of natural P-gp inhibitor in the effective delivery for chemotherapeutic agents. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149(1):367–391

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh A, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Kesharwani P (2022) Recent development of aptamer conjugated chitosan nanoparticles as cancer therapeutics. Int J Pharm 620:121751

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shergill A, Liao C-Y, Kindler HL, Polite BN, Catenacci DVT (2022) A phase 1b/2 study of VS-6766 in combination cetuximab in patients (pts) with advanced KRAS mt colorectal cancer (CRC). Am Soc Clin Oncol TPS219-TPS219

  • Shu Z (2017) Dissecting the roles of signaling pathways and microRNAs in proliferation and tumorigenesis

  • Siddique S, Chow JC (2020) Application of nanomaterials in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy. Nanomaterials 10(9):1700

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Siddique S, Chow JC (2022) Recent advances in functionalized nanoparticles in cancer theranostics. Nanomaterials 12(16):2826

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Silva CO, Pinho JO, Lopes JM, Almeida AJ, Gaspar MM, Reis C (2019) Current trends in cancer nanotheranostics: metallic, polymeric, and lipid-based systems. Pharmaceutics 11(1):22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Kumar S (2022) Cancer targeting and diagnosis: recent trends with carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials 12(13):2283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh N, Handa M, Singh V, Kesharwani P, Shukla R (2022) Lymphatic targeting for therapeutic application using nanoparticulate systems. J Drug Target 30(10):1017–1033

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sivadasan D, Sultan MH, Madkhali O, Almoshari Y, Thangavel N (2021) Polymeric lipid hybrid nanoparticles (Plns) as emerging drug delivery platform—a comprehensive review of their properties, preparation methods, and therapeutic applications. Pharmaceutics 13(8):1291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Skyrud KD, Myklebust TÅ, Bray F, Eriksen MT, De Lange T, Larsen IK, Møller BJCE (2017) Biomarkers, prevention, how many deaths from colorectal cancer can be prevented by 2030? A scenario-based quantification of risk factor modification, screening, and treatment in Norway. Colorectal Cancer Prevent 26(9):1420–1426

    Google Scholar 

  • Su Z, Dong S, Zhao S-C, Liu K, Tan Y, Jiang X, Assaraf YG, Qin B, Chen Z-S, Zou C (2021) Novel nanomedicines to overcome cancer multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updates 58:100777

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramaniam B, Siddik ZH, Nagoor NH (2020) Optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers: understanding the types, designs, and parameters in the process of formulations. J Nanopart Res 22:1–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sukocheva OA, Liu J, Neganova ME, Beeraka NM, Aleksandrova YR, Manogaran P, Grigorevskikh EM, Chubarev VN, Fan R (2022) Perspectives of using microRNA-loaded nanocarriers for epigenetic reprogramming of drug resistant colorectal cancers. Seminars in Cancer Biology, Elsevier

  • Sundaram P, Abrahamse H (2020) Effective photodynamic therapy for colon cancer cells using chlorin e6 coated hyaluronic acid-based carbon nanotubes. Int J Mol Sci 21(13):4745

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tahover E, Bar-Shalom R, Sapir E, Pfeffer R, Nemirovsky I, Turner Y, Gips M, Ohana P, Corn BW, Wang AZ (2018) Chemo-radiotherapy of oligometastases of colorectal cancer with pegylated liposomal mitomycin-C prodrug (promitil): mechanistic basis and preliminary clinical experience. Front Oncol 8:544

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tang S-Y, Wei H, Yu C-Y (2021) Peptide-functionalized delivery vehicles for enhanced cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 593:120141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tewabe A, Abate A, Tamrie M, Seyfu A, Abdela Siraj E (2021) Targeted drug delivery—from magic bullet to nanomedicine: principles, challenges, and future perspectives. J Multidisciplin Healthcare 14:1711–1724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thuan PT, Ha TN, Duc VN, Hien HTM, Duc PTH, Van Thanh N, Tu TA, Hiep NT, Cuc MT, Hanh NDK (2023) Initial evaluation of mmr status testing in the treatment of stage ii colon carcinoma. Special Issue Oncol 8:35

  • Tian Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Song Z, Yang J, Zhang J, Guo T, Gao W, Dai F, He C (2018) THBS2 is a biomarker for AJCC stages and a strong prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. J Buon 23(5):1331–1336

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tougeron D, Mouillet G, Trouilloud I, Lecomte T, Coriat R, Aparicio T, Des Guetz G, Lécaille C, Artru P, Sickersen G (2016) Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer with microsatellite instability: a large multicenter AGEO study. J Natl Cancer Inst 108(7):djv438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend MH, Anderson MD, Weagel EG, Velazquez EJ, Weber KS, Robison RA, O’Neill KL (2017) Non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H460 express hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase on the plasma membrane. Onco Targets Ther 10:1921

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trovato V, Teblum E, Kostikov Y, Pedrana A, Re V, Nessim GD, Rosace G (2021) Electrically conductive cotton fabric coatings developed by silica sol-gel precursors doped with surfactant-aided dispersion of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes fillers in organic solvent-free aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 586:120–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M.C. Turner, Z.J. Andersen, A. Baccarelli, W.R. Diver, S.M. Gapstur, C.A. Pope III, D. Prada, J. Samet, G. Thurston, A.J.C.a.c.j.f.c. Cohen, Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations, 70(6) (2020) 460–479.

  • Varanko A, Saha S, Chilkoti A (2020) Recent trends in protein and peptide-based biomaterials for advanced drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 156:133–187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vilos C, Morales FA, Solar PA, Herrera NS, Gonzalez-Nilo FD, Aguayo DA, Mendoza HL, Comer J, Bravo ML, Gonzalez PAJB (2013) Paclitaxel-PHBV nanoparticles and their toxicity to endometrial and primary ovarian cancer cells. Biomaterials 34(16):4098–4108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vodicka P, Andera L, Opattova A, Vodickova L (2021) The interactions of DNA repair, telomere homeostasis, and p53 mutational status in solid cancers: risk, prognosis, and prediction. Cancers 13(3):479

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner AM, Knipe JM, Orive G, Peppas NA (2019) Quantum dots in biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 94:44–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang K, Shen R, Meng T, Hu F, Yuan H (2022) Nano-drug delivery systems based on different targeting mechanisms in the targeted therapy of colorectal cancer. Molecules 27(9):2981

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Zhai W, Cheng S, Li J, Zhang H (2023) Surface-functionalized design of blood-contacting biomaterials for preventing coagulation and promoting hemostasis. Friction 11(8):1371–1394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiser MR (2018) AJCC 8th edition: colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 25(6):1454–1455

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Worm DJ, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG (2020) Targeting of peptide-binding receptors on cancer cells with peptide-drug conjugates. Pept Sci 112(3):e24171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu S, Li Y, Ding W, Xu L, Ma Y, Zhang L (2020) Recent advances of persistent luminescence nanoparticles in bioapplications. Nano-Micro Letters 12:1–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • **e W, Guo Z, Gao F, Gao Q, Wang D, Liaw B-S, Cai Q, Sun X, Wang X, Zhao L (2018) Shape-, size-and structure-controlled synthesis and biocompatibility of iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic theranostics. Theranostics 8(12):3284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang C, Merlin D (2020) Lipid-based drug delivery nanoplatforms for colorectal cancer therapy. Nanomaterials 10(7):1424

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yasun E, Gandhi S, Choudhury S, Mohammadinejad R, Benyettou F, Gozubenli N, Arami H (2020) Hollow micro and nanostructures for therapeutic and imaging applications. J Drug Delivery Sci Technol 60:102094

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zanoni DK, Stambuk HE, Madajewski B, Montero PH, Matsuura D, Busam KJ, Ma K, Turker MZ, Sequeira S, Gonen M (2021) Use of ultrasmall core-shell fluorescent silica nanoparticles for image-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck melanoma: a nonrandomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 4(3):e211936–e211936

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S, Chai X, Hou G, Zhao F, Meng Q (2002) Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.: A review of phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and traditional use. Phytomedicine 154422

  • Zhao X, Pan J, Li W, Yang W, Qin L, Pan Y (2018) Gold nanoparticles enhance cisplatin delivery and potentiate chemotherapy by decompressing colorectal cancer vessels. Int J Nanomed 13:6207–6221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou L, Liu Y, Sun H, Li H, Zhang Z, Hao P (2022) Usefulness of enzyme-free and enzyme-resistant detection of complement component 5 to evaluate acute myocardial infarction. Sens Actuat B Chem 369:132315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers, Govt. of India, for providing the necessary support to carry out this study.

Funding

No funding recived for this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Industrial Area, Vaishali, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India

    Satyam Sharma, Kajal Joshi & Sanjiv Singh

  2. School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India

    Sankha Bhattacharya

Authors
  1. Satyam Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sankha Bhattacharya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kajal Joshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sanjiv Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

SS, KJ, SB: literature collection and first draft; SS: valuable suggestion; SS: supervision and final correction.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sankha Bhattacharya.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sharma, S., Bhattacharya, S., Joshi, K. et al. A shift in focus towards precision oncology, driven by revolutionary nanodiagnostics; revealing mysterious pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149, 16157–16177 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05331-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05331-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation