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The associations of self-perception, movement competence, and clinical features of young school-aged children with glaucoma

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Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine the associations of self-perception, motor skills, and clinical features of young school-age children with glaucoma (CG). This is a cross-sectional observational study. Children from preschool to second grade, including CG (N = 19), children with amblyopia (CA, N = 28), and controls (N = 32), completed the Manual Dexterity and Aiming and Catching Scales of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (MABC-2), including Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance. CG, CA, and their parent completed the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children, respectively, assessing the child’s cognitive competence, peer acceptance, physical competence, and maternal acceptance. The Kruskal–Wallis H test and Bonferroni post hoc test compared motor skills among groups. Spearman’s correlation analysis evaluated the correlations between motor skills, self-perception, and clinical features. The CG reported lower peer acceptance than CA (P = 0.040), and the parents of CG reported lower cognitive competence than CG reported (P = 0.046). Compared with controls, CG had worse performance of Aiming and Catching, and Balance (P = 0.018 and P = 0.001), and CA had worse performance of Balance (P = 0.009). The motor skills were comparable between CG and CA. For CG, older age correlated with worse competence of Aiming and Catching (r =  − 0.620, P = 0.005), better best-corrected visual acuity of better-seeing eye correlated with higher competence of Manual Dexterity and Balance (r =  − 0.494, P = 0.032, and r =  − 0.516, P = 0.024), and longer duration of glaucoma correlated with worse competence of Manual Dexterity (r =  − 0.487, P = 0.034).

Conclusion: Glaucoma and amblyopia have significant negative impacts on children’s daily motor skills. The acuity of a better-seeing eye is an important factor influencing motor movement.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, ChiCTR2100050415.

What is Known:

• The state of mental health in early childhood influences the development of their future personality and physical development. The prognosis and management of glaucoma may seriously impair the mental health development of the affected children. However, the exploration of psychological aspects and motor movement of childhood glaucoma was limited.

What is New:

• Children with glaucoma have impaired motor skills and self-perception development, especially in terms of peer socialization.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.

Abbreviations

BCVA:

Best-corrected visual acuity

CG:

Children with glaucoma

CA:

Children with amblyopia

IOP:

Intraocular pressure

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Funding

This study was funded by the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (202206080005); and the Major Science and Technology Project of Zhongshan City (2022A1007).

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Author notes

  1. Zhuandi Zhou and Yingting Zhu contributed equally as co-first authors.

  2. Wenmin Huang and Yehong Zhuo contributed equally as co-corresponding authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, 54 ** Yu, Wenmin Huang & Yehong Zhuo

Authors
  1. Zhuandi Zhou
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Contributions

ZDZ: Responsible for drafting the manuscript, as well as the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data. YTZ: Contributed to conceptualization and design the study, writing the Original Draft and supervising the study procedure. YHZ: Contributed to the conception and design of the current study and responsible for the research activity, planning and execution, and funding acquisition. WMH: Contributed to the conception and design of the current study and responsible for the research activity, planning and execution, and funding acquisition. RYL: Patient examination and data collection. KZC: Patient examination and data collection. XYL: Patient examination and data collection. XXG: Patient examination and data collection. XPY: Analyzed and interpreted the data. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Wenmin Huang or Yehong Zhuo.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval and consent to participate

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Ethics ID: 2021KYPJ144), and was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. All patients provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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Communicated by Peter de Winter

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Zhou, Z., Zhu, Y., Luo, R. et al. The associations of self-perception, movement competence, and clinical features of young school-aged children with glaucoma. Eur J Pediatr 183, 885–895 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-05262-z

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