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A morphological and immunohistochemical study of ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, and mucinous carcinoma of the breast in comparison with solid papillary carcinoma regarding neuroendocrine marker expression

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Abstract

The exact relationship between solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) with neuroendocrine differentiation and SPC and mucinous carcinoma (MC) of the breast remains unclear. To clarify the relationship, we conducted a comparative study of morphological and neuroendocrine features between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, 72 cases) and SPC in situ (35 cases), and IBC-NST (103 cases) and invasive SPC (92 cases). We also conducted the study between MC associated with and without SPC. Synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and INSM1 were employed for the immunohistochemical study. IBC-NST had occasionally a morphological similarity with invasive SPC. While 123 of 127 cases with SPC demonstrated diffuse staining with one or more of the neuroendocrine markers, the only one case of DCIS and none of IBC-NST showed it. Type B was observed in 16 of 18 cases of MC associated with SPC and in 13 of 33 cases of MC without it. All the cases of MC with SPC and 6 of 33 cases without it showed diffuse staining for at least one of the neuroendocrine markers. In conclusion, a careful distinction between invasive SPC and IBC-NST with neuroendocrine differentiation is required. We assume that SPC in situ is a potential candidate for precursor of IBC-NST with neuroendocrine differentiation. MC of the breast is suggested to have two pathogenetic pathways through SPC in situ or non-SPC in situ. SPC in situ is thought to be less common as a precursor of MC than non-SPC in situ.

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Data supporting the findings of this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank all the medical technologists at the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan, for their excellent technical assistance.

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Yoshiro Otsuki and Hiroshi Kobayashi. Yoshiro Otsuki, Yuki Asano, and Hiroshi Kobayashi were involved in evaluating the immunohistochemistry. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yoshiro Otsuki and Hiroshi Kobayashi, and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yoshiro Otsuki.

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Otsuki, Y., Asano, Y., Ikeya, T. et al. A morphological and immunohistochemical study of ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, and mucinous carcinoma of the breast in comparison with solid papillary carcinoma regarding neuroendocrine marker expression. Virchows Arch (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-024-03857-x

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