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Piece and parcel of gymnosperm organellar genomes

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Significant past, present, and potential future research into the organellar (plastid and mitochondrial) genomes of gymnosperms that can provide insight into the unknown origin and evolution of plants is highlighted.

Abstract

Gymnosperms are vascular seed plants that predominated the ancient world before their sister clade, angiosperms, took over during the Late Cretaceous. The divergence of gymnosperms and angiosperms took place around 300 Mya, with the latter evolving into the diverse group of flowering plants that dominate the plant kingdom today. Although gymnosperms have reportedly made some evolutionary innovations, the literature on their genome advances, particularly their organellar (plastid and mitochondrial) genomes, is relatively scattered and fragmented. While organellar genomes can shed light on plant origin and evolution, they are frequently overlooked, due in part to their limited contribution to gene expression and lack of evolutionary dynamics when compared to nuclear genomes. A better understanding of gymnosperm organellar genomes is critical because they reveal genetic changes that have contributed to their unique adaptations and ecological success, potentially aiding in plant survival, enhancement, and biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change. This review reveals significant information and gaps in the existing knowledge base of organellar genomes in gymnosperms, as well as the challenges and research needed to unravel their complexity.

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Data availability

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the SATU Joint Research Scheme [Grant Number: ST011-2022] and Universiti Malaya Research Excellence Grant [Grant Number: UMREG026-2023]. We would like to thank Dr. Edi Sudianto for hel** to design the structure of the review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Acga Cheng, Nur Ardiyana Rejab & Ahmet Uludag

  2. Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Najiah Mohd Sadali & Nur Ardiyana Rejab

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Canakkale, Türkiye

    Ahmet Uludag

Authors
  1. Acga Cheng
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  2. Najiah Mohd Sadali
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  3. Nur Ardiyana Rejab
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  4. Ahmet Uludag
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Acga Cheng and Najiah Mohd. Sadali; Writing—original draft preparation: Acga Cheng, Najiah Mohd. Sadali and Nur Ardiyana Rejab; Writing—review and editing: Acga Cheng and Najiah Mohd. Sadali, Nur Ardiyana Rejab and Ahmet Uludag; Funding acquisition: Acga Cheng.

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Correspondence to Acga Cheng.

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Communicated by Gerhard Leubner.

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Cheng, A., Sadali, N.M., Rejab, N.A. et al. Piece and parcel of gymnosperm organellar genomes. Planta 260, 14 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04449-4

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