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Dynamic resistance exercise-induced pressor response does not alter hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation in young adults

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Abstract

Excessive arterial pressure elevation induced by resistance exercise (RE) attenuates peripheral vasodilatory function, but its effect on cerebrovascular function is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different pressor responses to RE on hypercapnia-induced vasodilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA), an index of cerebrovascular function. To manipulate pressor responses to RE, 15 healthy young adults (11M/4F) performed two RE: high intensity with low repetitions (HL) and low intensity with high repetitions (LH) dynamic knee extension. ICA dilation, induced by 3 min of hypercapnia, was measured before and 10 min after RE using Doppler ultrasound. HL exercise elicited a greater pressor response than LH exercise. In relaxation phases of RE, ICA blood velocity increased in both HL and LH trials. However, ICA shear rate did not significantly increase in either trial (P = 0.06). Consequently, neither exercise altered post-exercise hypercapnia-induced ICA dilation (HL, 3.9 ± 1.9% to 5.1 ± 1.7%; LH, 4.6 ± 1.4% to 4.8 ± 1.8%; P > 0.05 for all). When viewed individually, the changes in ICA shear rate were positively correlated with changes in end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) (r = 0.46, P < 0.01) than with mean arterial pressure (r = 0.32, P = 0.02). These findings suggest that the effects of RE-induced pressor response on cerebrovascular function may be different from peripheral arteries. An increase in PETCO2 during the relaxation phase may play a more crucial role than elevated pressure in increasing cerebral shear during dynamic RE.

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Abbreviations

ANCOVA:

Analysis of covariance

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BP:

Blood pressure

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

D base :

Baseline diameter

D peak :

Peak diameter

Ex-ΔSR:

Exercise-induced increases in shear rate

FMD:

Flow-mediated dilation

HL:

High intensity with low repetitions

ICA:

Internal carotid artery

LBNP:

Lower-body negative pressure

LH:

Low intensity with high repetitions

MAP:

Mean arterial pressure

MCAv:

Middle cerebral artery blood velocity

MCAvmean :

Time-averaged mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity

PETCO2 :

End-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide

RE:

Resistance exercise

RR:

Respiratory rate

SNA:

Sympathetic nerve activity

SR:

Shear rate

SRAUC :

Shear rate area under the curve

SRbase :

Baseline shear rate

SRpeak :

Peak shear rate

\(\dot{V}\) E :

Minute ventilation

V mean :

Time-averaged mean blood velocity

V T :

Tidal volume

1RM:

One repetition maximum

η 2 :

Eta-squared

η 2 p :

Partial eta-squared

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ryota Tsukahara for the technical assistance. We appreciate the commitment of all participants of this study.

Funding

R.S. was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 21J22042) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. E.I. was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 20K11186) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan

    Rintaro Sakamoto, Kohei Sato & Tatsuki Kamoda

  2. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan

    Toru Neki, Masaki Katayose & Erika Iwamoto

  3. Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Rintaro Sakamoto

  4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan

    Shigehiko Ogoh

Authors
  1. Rintaro Sakamoto
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  2. Kohei Sato
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  3. Shigehiko Ogoh
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  4. Tatsuki Kamoda
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  5. Toru Neki
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  6. Masaki Katayose
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  7. Erika Iwamoto
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Contributions

RS, KS and EI were the principal investigators and, in conjunction with SO and MK, were responsible for the conception and design of the research. RS, KS, TK, TN and EI performed the experiments. RS and KS analysed the data. RS, SO and EI wrote the original manuscript and interpreted the results of the experiments. RS prepared the figures. All authors edited and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erika Iwamoto.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Communicated by Ellen Adele Dawson.

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Sakamoto, R., Sato, K., Ogoh, S. et al. Dynamic resistance exercise-induced pressor response does not alter hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation in young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 123, 781–796 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05096-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05096-x

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