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Multi-stage melt impregnation and magma–seawater interaction in a slow-spreading oceanic lithosphere: constraints from cumulates in the Lagkorco ophiolite (central Tibet)

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Abstract

Although seismic and hydrothermal data show evidence of magma–seawater interaction in slow spreading-rate ridges, such a process has been rarely observed in situ in lower oceanic crust. In this study, we reported petrological and mineral data on the plutonic rocks from the lower oceanic crust of the Lagkorco ophiolite from central Tibet, which shows geological and petrological features indicative of a slow-spreading ridge origin. Both troctolites and gabbros were derived from depleted magmas containing 0.5–1.0 wt.% H2O. Petrology and geochemistry indicate that troctolites have experienced two stages of melt impregnation: (1) early, water-poor melt impregnation in a dunitic matrix and (2) late, hydrous melt impregnation in a troctolitic matrix. Stage (1) generated oikocrysts of clinopyroxene and plagioclase within an olivine-rich matrix, while stage (2) formed brown amphibole. The high Cl (up to 0.25 wt%) contents of the brown amphibole and the fast cooling of the troctolites (~ 0.1 °C/year) suggest that stage (2) melt impregnation was associated with the hydration of the intercumulus melts by seawater infiltration. Together with the strong arc affinities of basalts, we suggest that Lagkorco ophiolite was formed at a nascent, slow-spreading back-arc basin with a fault-controlled crustal accretion. The deep-rooted faults may provide the channels for the downward seawater infiltration into the hot, impregnation zone near the crust–mantle transition zone. This study provides an example of seawater–magma interaction in the nascent back-arc lower oceanic crust with implications for the interplay among tectonic, hydrothermal, and magmatic processes at the slow-spreading ridges.

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Data availability statement

All data generated during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Acknowledgements

We thank Alessio Sanfilippo and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments and Editor Othmar Müntener for editorial handling. We thank Ding-Shuai Xue, Dan-** Zhang, Shi-Tou Wu and Lei Xu for help in geochemical analysis. This work was financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (42025201), National Key Research and Development Project of China (2020YFA0714801), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB42020301) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M703197).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100029, China

    Wei-Qi Zhang, Chuan-Zhou Liu, Tong Liu, Chang Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhang, **ao-Ni Li, Zhen Zhang & Yin-Zheng Lin

  2. Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Chuan-Zhou Liu

  3. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100049, China

    Wei-Qi Zhang, Chuan-Zhou Liu, Zhen-Yu Zhang, **ao-Ni Li, Zhen Zhang & Yin-Zheng Lin

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Contributions

W-QZ: fieldwork, material preparation, data collection and analysis, data interpretation, and writing the manuscript. C-ZL: fieldwork, material preparation, data interpretation, and writing the manuscript. TL: fieldwork, and data interpretation. CZ: field work, and data interpretation. X-NL: field work and data collection. ZZ: fieldwork and data collection. Y-ZL: field work and data collection. Z-YZ: geochemical modeling and data interpretation.

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Correspondence to Chuan-Zhou Liu.

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Zhang, WQ., Liu, CZ., Liu, T. et al. Multi-stage melt impregnation and magma–seawater interaction in a slow-spreading oceanic lithosphere: constraints from cumulates in the Lagkorco ophiolite (central Tibet). Contrib Mineral Petrol 177, 109 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01976-9

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