SpringerLink
Log in

Early-life factors associated with increased risk of disability pension in the national real-world schizophrenia FACE-SZ cohort study

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Among severe psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia has one of the highest impacts on professional and personal functioning with important indirect costs including disability pension allowance for the patients with the more severe forms of schizophrenia. To explore early-life factors associated with disability pension in schizophrenia. 916 patients were consecutively recruited at a national level in 10 expert centers and received a comprehensive standardized evaluation. Their disability pension status and early-life variables were reported from medical records and validated scales. Eight factors were explored: age, male sex, parental history of severe mental illness, childhood trauma exposure, education level, childhood ADHD, early age at schizophrenia onset and duration of untreated psychosis. 739 (80.7%) participants received a disability pension. In the multivariate model, early age at schizophrenia onset and low education level were associated with disability pension independently of age and sex while no significant association was found for parent history of severe mental illness, childhood trauma, childhood ADHD or duration of untreated psychosis. Low education level and early age at schizophrenia onset seem the best predictors of increased risk of disability pension in schizophrenia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Thailand)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Christensen TN, Wallstrøm IG, Eplov LF et al (2021) Incidence rates and employment trends in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar affective disorders and recurrent depression in the years 2000–2013: a Danish nationwide register-based study. Nord J Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2021.1952304

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Galderisi S, Rossi A, Rocca P et al (2014) The influence of illness-related variables, personal resources and context-related factors on real-life functioning of people with schizophrenia. World Psychiatry Off J World Psychiatr Assoc WPA 13:275–287. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mennini FS, Marcellusi A, Gazzillo S et al (2021) Economic impact of schizophrenia from a hospital and social security system perspective in Italy. Clin Drug Investig 41:183–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-020-00991-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Majuri T, Haapea M, Huovinen H et al (2021) Return to the labour market in schizophrenia and other psychoses: a register-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-02009-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Merikukka M, Ristikari T, Tuulio-Henriksson A et al (2018) Childhood determinants for early psychiatric disability pension: a 10-year follow-up study of the 1987 Finnish birth cohort. Int J Soc Psychiatry 64:715–725. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764018806936

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Storvestre GB, Jensen A, Bjerke E et al (2020) Childhood trauma in persons with schizophrenia and a history of interpersonal violence. Front Psychiatry 11:383. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00383

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Kuzminskaite E, Vinkers CH, Elzinga BM et al (2020) Childhood trauma and dysregulation of multiple biological stress systems in adulthood: results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Psychoneuroendocrinology 121:104835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104835

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Garcia OF, Serra E (2019) Raising children with poor school performance: parenting styles and short- and long-term consequences for adolescent and adult development. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:E1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071089

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Almquist YB (2013) School performance as a precursor of adult health: exploring associations to disease-specific hospital care and their possible explanations. Scand J Public Health 41:81–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494812469853

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Isohanni I, Järvelin MR, Nieminen P et al (1998) School performance as a predictor of psychiatric hospitalization in adult life. A 28-year follow-up in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Psychol Med 28:967–974. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798006928

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Mattila-Holappa P, Joensuu M, Ahola K et al (2016) Attachment to employment and education before work disability pension due to a mental disorder among young adults. BMC Psychiatry 16:143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0854-1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen L, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Björkenstam E et al (2021) Risk factors for disability pension among young adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. J Atten Disord. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547211025605

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Taanila A, Ebeling H, Tiihala M et al (2014) Association between childhood specific learning difficulties and school performance in adolescents with and without ADHD symptoms: a 16-year follow-up. J Atten Disord 18:61–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712446813

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Niendam TA, Ray KL, Iosif A-M et al (2018) Association of age at onset and longitudinal course of prefrontal function in youth with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiat 75:1252–1260. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Penttilä M, Miettunen J, Koponen H et al (2013) Association between the duration of untreated psychosis and short- and long-term outcome in schizophrenia within the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Schizophr Res 143:3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.029

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Jonas KG, Fochtmann LJ, Perlman G et al (2020) Lead-time bias confounds association between duration of untreated psychosis and illness course in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 177:327–334. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19030324

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Schürhoff F, Fond G, Berna F et al (2019) The 10-year findings from the FondaMental Academic Center of Expertise for Schizophrenia (FACE-SZ): review and recommendations for clinical practice. L’Encephale 45:9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2018.07.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Fond G, Godin O, Schürhoff F et al (2020) Confirmations, advances and recommendations for the daily care of schizophrenia based on the French national FACE-SZ cohort. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 101:109927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109927

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Schürhoff F, Fond G, Berna F et al (2015) A National network of schizophrenia expert centres: an innovative tool to bridge the research-practice gap. Eur Psychiatry J Assoc Eur Psychiatr 30:728–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.05.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Appelberg B, Tuisku K, Joffe G (2004) Is it worth while changing clinically stable schizophrenic out-patients with mild to moderate residual symptoms and/or side effects from conventional to atypical antipsychotics? A prospective, randomised study with olanzapine. Eur Psychiatry J Assoc Eur Psychiatr 19:516–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.06.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. APA - The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5®. https://www.appi.org/products/structured-clinical-interview-for-dsm-5-scid-5. Accessed 9 Apr 2021

  22. Ward MF, Wender PH, Reimherr FW (1993) The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150:885–890. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.150.6.885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Paquette D, Laporte L, Bigras M, Zoccolillo M (2004) Validation of the French version of the CTQ and prevalence of the history of maltreatment. Sante Ment Que 29:201–220. https://doi.org/10.7202/008831ar

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bender R, Lange S (2001) Adjusting for multiple testing—when and how? J Clin Epidemiol 54:343–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00314-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Luo Y, He P, Zhang L et al (2020) Schizophrenia and education in Chinese metropolises: a population-based study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 55:1563–1569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01898-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nurrika D, Zhang S, Tomata Y et al (2019) Education level and incident functional disability in elderly Japanese: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 study. PLoS ONE 14:e0213386. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Zajacova A, Montez JK (2017) Physical functioning trends among US women and men age 45–64 by education level. Biodemogr Soc Biol 63:21–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2016.1263150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Shaw BA, Janevic M (2004) Associations between anticipated support, physical functioning, and education level among a nationally representative sample of older adults. J Aging Health 16:539–561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264304265808

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. INSEE (2016) Gravir l’échelle sociale est plus aisé en Ile-de-France qu’en province - Insee Analyses Ile-de-France - 50. https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2529731#titre-bloc-2. Accessed 21 Jun 2021

  30. Cámara S, Contador I, Herrero P et al (2021) The role of education in executive functions, behavioral problems and functional performance in people with schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 35:366–373. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Dobbins S, Hubbard E, Leutwyler H (2021) Education mediates racial disparities in cognitive impairment among older adults with schizophrenia. Clin Gerontol. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2021.1882021

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Fabre C, Pauly V, Baumstarck K et al (2021) Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal complications in women with schizophrenia: a national population-based cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100209

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Jacob L, Smith L, Thoumie P et al (2020) Association between intelligence quotient and disability: the role of socioeconomic status. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 63:296–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.07.010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Yamanaka H, Kanahara N, Suzuki T et al (2016) Impact of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: an analysis of multi-factors predicting long-term prognosis. Schizophr Res 170:252–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hakulinen C, McGrath JJ, Timmerman A et al (2019) The association between early-onset schizophrenia with employment, income, education, and cohabitation status: nationwide study with 35 years of follow-up. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 54:1343–1351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01756-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fagerlund B, Pantelis C, Jepsen JRM et al (2020) Differential effects of age at illness onset on verbal memory functions in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients aged 12–43 years. Psychol Med. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Novick D, Montgomery W, Treuer T et al (2016) Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 12:2927–2939. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S101151

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Fond G, Boyer L, Leboyer M et al (2017) Influence of Venus and Mars in the cognitive sky of schizophrenia. Results from the first-step national FACE-SZ cohort. Schizophr Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rokita KI, Dauvermann MR, Mothersill D et al (2021) Current psychosocial stress, childhood trauma and cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants. Schizophr Res 237:115–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2021.08.030

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Galéra C, Melchior M, Chastang J-F et al (2009) Childhood and adolescent hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and academic achievement 8 years later: the GAZEL Youth study. Psychol Med 39:1895–1906. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709005510

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Ranning A, Laursen T, Agerbo E et al (2018) School performance from primary education in the adolescent offspring of parents with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder- a national, register-based study. Psychol Med 48:1993–2000. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717003518

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Halonen JI, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J et al (2017) Childhood adversity, adult socioeconomic status and risk of work disability: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 74:659–666. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104319

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Godin O, Fond G, Bulzacka E et al (2019) Validation and refinement of the clinical staging model in a French cohort of outpatient with schizophrenia (FACE-SZ). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 92:226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Fond BL, Berna F et al (2018) Remission of depression in patients with schizophrenia and comorbid major depressive disorder: results from the FACE-SZ cohort. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci 213:464–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rautio N, Käkelä J, Nordström T et al (2016) Prognosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder may not be predetermined during early development–the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Schizophr Res 173:62–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.038

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was funded by Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille (AP-HM).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France

    G. Fond, J. Dubreucq, P. L. Sunhary de Verville, O. Godin, C. Andrieu-Haller, F. Berna, B. Aouizerate, D. Capdevielle, I. Chereau, J. Clauss-Kobayashi, N. Coulon, J. M. Dorey, C. Dubertret, J. Mallet, D. Misdrahi, C. Passerieux, R. Rey, F. Schürhoff, M. Urbach, P. M. Llorca, C. Lançon & L. Boyer

  2. Université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Creteil, France

    B. Pignon & F. Schürhoff

  3. Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279: CEReSS-Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de Vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France

    G. Fond, P. L. Sunhary de Verville, C. Andrieu-Haller, C. Lançon & L. Boyer

  4. Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA, 33076, Bordeaux, France

    B. Aouizerate & D. Misdrahi

  5. Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France

    F. Berna & J. Clauss-Kobayashi

  6. Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France

    D. Capdevielle

  7. Université Clermont Auvergne, CMP-B, CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    I. Chereau & P. M. Llorca

  8. INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678, Bron Cedex, France

    J. M. Dorey & R. Rey

  9. Department of Psychiatry, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France

    C. Dubertret & J. Mallet

  10. Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France

    J. Dubreucq & N. Coulon

  11. Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie d’Adultes et d’Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 177 rue de Versailles, 78157, Le Chesnay, France

    C. Passerieux & M. Urbach

  12. DisAP-DevPsy-CESP, INSERM UMR1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, 94807, Villejuif, France

    C. Passerieux & M. Urbach

  13. INRA, NutriNeuro, University of Bordeaux, U1286, F-33076, Bordeaux, France

    B. Aouizerate

  14. CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA, Bordeaux, France

    D. Misdrahi

Authors
  1. G. Fond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Dubreucq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. L. Sunhary de Verville
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. O. Godin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. C. Andrieu-Haller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. F. Berna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. B. Aouizerate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. D. Capdevielle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. I. Chereau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. J. Clauss-Kobayashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. N. Coulon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. J. M. Dorey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. C. Dubertret
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. J. Mallet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. D. Misdrahi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. C. Passerieux
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. R. Rey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. B. Pignon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. F. Schürhoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. M. Urbach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. P. M. Llorca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  22. C. Lançon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  23. L. Boyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Consortia

the FACE-SZ. (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia) group

Contributions

Concept and design: LB, GF. Acquisition: all the authors. Interpretation of data: LB, GF, FS, JD. Drafting of the manuscript: LB, GF. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All the authors. Statistical analysis: LB. Supervision: GF and LB.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Fond.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fond, G., Dubreucq, J., de Verville, P.L.S. et al. Early-life factors associated with increased risk of disability pension in the national real-world schizophrenia FACE-SZ cohort study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 272, 1379–1384 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-021-01364-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-021-01364-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation