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Differential association between dairy intake patterns and incident prostate cancer: a potential dairy matrix effect

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the association between dairy intake patterns and the risk of prostate cancer (PC), and its histological differentiation, among men from Mexico City.

Methods

We analyzed the information from 394 incident PC cases paired by age (± 5 years) with 794 population controls. According to the Gleason score at diagnosis, cases were classified as well- (≤ 6), moderately- (= 7), and poorly differentiated PC (≥ 8). Based on a semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire and using energy–density approach, we estimated the energy-adjusted daily intake of whole milk, cheese (fresh, Oaxaca, and Manchego), cream, and yogurt. Through a principal component analysis, we identified three dairy intake patterns: whole milk, cheese, and yogurt. The association between each dairy intake pattern and PC was evaluated from independent nonconditional logistic regression models. We also evaluated the mediator role of calcium and saturated fat intake.

Results

After adjustment, a high intake of whole milk pattern was associated with a 63% increased risk of PC (ORhigh vs low: 1.63; 95% CI 1.17–2.25, p trend = 0.002); at expenses of moderately (ORhigh vs low: 1.77; 95% CI 1.09–2.85, p trend = 0.015) and poorly differentiated PC (ORhigh vs low: 1.75; 95% CI 1.05– 2.92, p trend = 0.031). The association was mainly mediated by calcium intake (proportion mediated = 1.17; p < 0.01). No associations were found between cream and yogurt intake patterns with risk of PC, and its histological grade.

Conclusions

A differential association of dairy intake patterns with risk of PC, and the poorly differentiated PC, was identified. This association seems to be determined by different dairy matrices and it is mediated by calcium content. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and be able to identify other potential mediators in the etiology of PC.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following hospitals for their collaboration in the development of this study: Hospital General de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Hospital de Oncología del Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Hospital General Regional No.1 “Dr. Carlos McGregor Sánchez Navarro”, and Hospital Regional “Adolfo López Mateos”. In addition, we thank the Centre for Support and Training in Analysis and Research for their partial support in statistical analysis.

Funding

This study was funded by Fondo Sectorial en Salud del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México (CONACYT). Funding number: 140482 and 272810. In addition, LLA-G received a scholarship from CONAHCYT (Grant number: 689003); nevertheless, this agency did not participate in the study design, statistical analysis or in the manuscript writing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Leticia Lizbeth Armenta-González

  2. Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Leticia Lizbeth Armenta-González & Jesús Gibran Hernández-Pérez

  3. Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Jesús Gibran Hernández-Pérez, Argelia Vázquez-Salas, Marcia Galván-Portillo & Luisa Torres-Sánchez

  4. UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Emma L. Feeney

  5. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    David S. López

Authors
  1. Leticia Lizbeth Armenta-González
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  2. Jesús Gibran Hernández-Pérez
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  3. Emma L. Feeney
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  4. Argelia Vázquez-Salas
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  5. Marcia Galván-Portillo
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  6. David S. López
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  7. Luisa Torres-Sánchez
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Contributions

Performance the analysis and interpretation of data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript (LLA-G). Design and review of the statistical analysis as well as participated in the interpretation of the data and manuscript writing (JGH-P). Made a critical revision of the manuscript and contributed with important intellectual content (EF, DSL). Participated in the study design and data collection and interpretation (RAV-S, MVG-P). Conceptualized and designed the study; supervised the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; and participated in manuscript writing (LT-S). All the authors made a critical review of previous versions of the manuscript and approved the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luisa Torres-Sánchez.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Public Health (CI 980) and by the participating hospitals.

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Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.

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Armenta-González, L.L., Hernández-Pérez, J.G., Feeney, E.L. et al. Differential association between dairy intake patterns and incident prostate cancer: a potential dairy matrix effect. Eur J Nutr 63, 847–857 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03315-5

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