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The association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

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Abstract

Purpose

The relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and pancreatic cancer has been well studied but remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association between circulating 25(OH)D and pancreatic cancer by using a meta-analytic approach.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Wed of Science databases were searched through October 15, 2022. A random or fixed-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), hazard ratio (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 16 studies including 529,917 participants met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 reported incidence and 6 reported mortality. For the highest versus lowest categories of circulating 25(OH)D, the pooled OR of pancreatic cancer incidence in case–control studies was 0.98 (95% CI 0.69–1.27), and the pooled HRs of pancreatic cancer mortality in cohort and case–control studies were 0.64 (95% CI 0.45–0.82) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.62–0.95), respectively. The leave-one-out sensitivity analyses found no outliers and Galbraith plots indicated no substantial heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Evidence from this meta-analysis suggested that high circulating 25(OH)D levels may be associated with decreased mortality but not incidence of pancreatic cancer. Our findings may provide some clues for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and remind us to be cautious about widespread vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of pancreatic cancer.

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Data Availability

This study was based on a meta-analysis approach, synthesizing the results of several independent studies. All data were obtained from published literature. Relevant copyright and license agreements were followed during the process of acquiring the data.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Hua Ye for providing language assistance, writing assistance and critical advice on this manuscript.

Funding

The research was supported by the Key Research Project of Higher Education in Henan Province (22A330003) and Medical Science and Technology Research Program Project of Henan Province (ID: LHGJ20200681). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    Ya**g Shen, Chuncheng Yi, Tiandong Li, Peng Wang, Changqing Sun & Hua Ye

  2. State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China

    Ya**g Shen, Chuncheng Yi, Tiandong Li, Peng Wang, Li** Dai, Jianxiang Shi, Keyan Wang & Hua Ye

  3. Office of Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China

    Junfen ** Dai, Jianxiang Shi & Keyan Wang

  4. School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China

    Changqing Sun

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  1. Ya**g Shen
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  2. Junfen **a
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Contributions

YJS designed the research, conducted the literature search and analyses and wrote the first draft of the paper. JFX, CCY and TDL conducted the literature screening and checked the data extractions for accuracy. JXS, KYW, HY, PW, CQS and LPD provided statistical expertise, interpreted the data, revised the subsequent drafts for important intellectual content, read and approved the final manuscript. All authors reviewed the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hua Ye.

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Shen, Y., **a, J., Yi, C. et al. The association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 63, 653–672 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03302-w

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