Abstract
To understand the aerosol characteristics in a regional background environment, fine-particle (PM2.5, n = 228) samples were collected over a one-year period at the Shangdianzi (SDZ) station, which is a Global Atmospheric Watch regional background station in North China. The chemical and optical characteristics of PM2.5 were analyzed, including organic carbon, elemental carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, water-soluble inorganic ions, and fluorescent components of water-soluble organic matter. The source factors of major aerosol components are apportioned, and the sources of the fluorescent chromophores are further analyzed. The major chemical components of PM2.5 at SDZ were NO3−, organic matter, SO42−, and NH4+. Annually, water-soluble organic carbon contributed 48% ± 15% to the total organic carbon. Secondary formation (52%) and fossil fuel combustion (63%) are the largest sources of water-soluble organic matter and water-insoluble organic matter, respectively. In addition, three humic-like and one protein-like matter were identified via parallel factor analysis for excitation—emission matrices. The fluorescence intensities of the components were highest in winter and lowest in summer, indicating the main impact of burning sources. This study contributes to understanding the chemical and optical characteristics of ambient aerosols in the background atmosphere.
摘 要
地处北京市远郊区的上甸子区域大气本底站气溶胶的化学组分浓度,能很好地代表京津冀地区大气区域本底的背景浓度,同时也反映北京城区和周边地区污染物传输的影响。本文在上甸子站采集了四个季节共228个PM2.5样品,通过分析其化学组分和荧光性质,包括有机碳、元素碳、水溶性有机碳、水溶性无机离子以及水溶性有机物的荧光组分,并利用气团后向轨迹和**矩阵因数分解法解析来源,为进一步研究京津冀地区气溶胶本底浓度变化,特别是人类活动如何影响背景地区气溶胶形成提供观测依据。结果表明,上甸子PM2.5的化学组分与城市气溶胶组成基本一致,主要为NO3-、有机物、SO42-和NH4+。其中,SO42-在夏季浓度最高,其他组分浓度是秋季最高。水溶性有机碳占总有机碳的48%±15%。大气二次生成(52%)和化石燃料燃烧(63%)分别是水溶性有机物和水不溶性有机物的最大来源。运用**行因子分析法解析三维荧光光谱确定三种类腐殖酸和一种类蛋白荧光组分,荧光**度在冬季最**、夏季最弱。荧光**度的季节变化和荧光指数表明,水溶性荧光物质主要是燃烧源和二次生成的贡献,少量来源于微生物源。与冬季相比,夏季大气荧光物质更倾向于高度腐殖化或高度芳香化。研究发现,即使在上甸子这样的空气洁净地区,化石燃料燃烧和生物质燃烧等人为排放源对气溶胶的贡献也非常显著。
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42130513 and 41625014) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0606801). The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The data used in this study are listed in tables, figures, and supplementary materials.
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Article Highlights
• Chemical and optical characteristics of one-year-round PM2.5 samples were studied from the Shangdianzi background station in North China.
• The major chemical components of PM2.5 at Shangdianzi were NO −3 , followed by organic matter, SO 2−4 , and NH +4 .
• Secondary formation and fossil fuel combustion are the largest sources of water-soluble and water-insoluble organic matter, respectively.
• The main impact of burning sources was identified with the highest fluorescence intensities in winter and the lowest in summer.
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Li, P., Yue, S., Yang, X. et al. Fluorescence Properties and Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in the Background Atmosphere of North China. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 40, 1159–1174 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2208-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2208-x
Key words
- fine aerosols
- excitation—emission matrix
- fluorescence properties
- primary biological aerosols
- Shangdianzi