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Trehalose: A Key Player in Plant Growth Regulation and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses

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Abstract

Plant abiotic stresses endanger crop production and food security to a growing degree under the present climate change scenario. This calls for effective measures to be deployed to increase the level of agricultural production to meet the needs of soaring world population. Application of osmo-protectants and soluble sugars were reported to counter abiotic stresses in many crop species. Trehalose (Tre) is one such non-reducing sugar found in bacteria and yeasts, where it serves as source of carbon, and in higher plants and animals, where it acts as osmo-protectant. Tre is involved in various physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with plant growth, development and defense against drought, salinity, cold, heat, UV rays, nutrient deficiency and heavy metal stresses. It helps to maintain cellular integrity under stress by upgrading the antioxidant defense system. However, Tre amounts are lower than those needed to assure adequate plant stress tolerance. Interestingly, Tre supplementation up-regulates stress response genes and induces the accumulation of various osmolytes, including proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars, which confer different kinds of stress tolerance. Alternatively, the development of transgenic plants with genes for Tre biosynthesis leads to appreciable tolerance against different stresses. However, some transgenic plants over-expressing Tre biosynthesis genes are adversely affected. This work aims to systematically review Tre's role as stress tolerance molecule and its crosstalk with other osmolytes under stress conditions, explaining mechanism of stress tolerance and pointing out areas for future research. It is evidenced that this compound owns a promising future as osmo-protectant in the coming years. The present review is intended as means to enrich the awareness on Tre potential benefits, in order to help the scientists as well as the practitioners to improve crop behavior and ultimate production under stress conditions.

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Fig. 1

(Adopted from Wingler, 2002)

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

APX:

Ascorbic peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

GA:

Gibberellic acid

GB:

Glycine betaine

GHS:

Glutathione

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

HS:

Heat stress

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

LOX:

Lipoxygenase enzyme

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

NO:

Nitric oxide

POD:

Peroxidase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RWC:

Relative water contents

PS:

Photo-system

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

T6P:

Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase synthase

TPP:

Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase

Tre:

Trehalose

UV:

Ultraviolet

WUE:

Water use efficiency

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University for supporting this work through research groups program under grant number R.G.P. 2/17/43.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center On Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

    Muhammad Umair Hassan

  2. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan

    Muhammad Nawaz & Adnan Noor Shah

  3. College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Ali Raza

  4. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Lorenzo Barbanti

  5. Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic

    Milan Skalicky & Marian Brestic

  6. College of Science, Department of Biology, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Hashem, Saad Alamri & Yasser S. Mostafa

  7. Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt

    Mohamed Hashem

  8. Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Saurabh Pandey

  9. Department of Field Crops, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey

    Ayman E. L. Sabagh

  10. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt

    Ayman E. L. Sabagh

  11. Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia

    Sameer H. Qari

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Contributions

Conceptualization was done by MUH, MN, ANS. Writing—original draft was done by MUH, MN, ANS and LB; writing—review and editing was done by MS, MH, MB, SP, SA, YSM, AR, AES and SHQ. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Hassan, M.U., Nawaz, M., Shah, A.N. et al. Trehalose: A Key Player in Plant Growth Regulation and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 4935–4957 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10851-7

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