SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of Endogenous Plant Hormones on Physiological and Growth Attributes of Kinnow Mandarin Grafted on Nine Rootstocks

  • Published:
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Citrus holds the key position in horticulture sector of Pakistan in terms of area and production. Kinnow is considered as the trademark of Pakistan’s citriculture industry. Cultivation experiment was conducted to evaluate the endogenous plant hormones, leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, vegetative performance, and yield of Kinnow mandarin grafted on nine rootstocks (Rough lemon, cox mandarin, Fraser hybrid, Troyer citrange, Cleopatra mandarin, Poncirus trifoliata, Benton, C-35, and Carrizo citrange). Maximum indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin (ZT) levels were recorded in scion and rootstock of Poncirus trifoliata followed by Fraser hybrid. Troyer citrange rootstock depicted maximum amount of abscisic acid in scion and rootstock. Maximum leaf gas exchange in Kinnow mandarin was recorded on Fraser hybrid rootstock. Kinnow grafted on Troyer citrange rootstock had minimum stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity because of high ABA level. Photosynthetic pigments of Kinnow mandarin were maximum on Poncirus trifoliata and minimum on Troyer citrange. A positive correlation was observed among the levels of IAA, GA, ZT, and vegetative growth of Kinnow mandarin. It is concluded that endogenous hormones modulated the growth of Kinnow mandarin. Poncirus trifoliata and Fraser hybrid rootstocks could be an alternate rootstocks of traditional Rough lemon for Kinnow mandarin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed W, Pervez MA, Amjad M, Khalid M, Ayyub CM, Nawaz MA (2006) Effect of stionic combination on the growth and yield of kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata blanco). Pak J Bot 38:603

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM (2017) Evolution of the stomatal regulation of plant water content. Plant Physiol 74:639–649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castle WS (1983) Antitranspirant and root and canopy pruning effects on mechanically transplanted eight-year old ‘Murcott’ citrus trees. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 108:981–985

  • Castle WS, Wutscher HK, Youtsey CO, Pelosi RR (1988) Citrumelos as rootstocks for Florida citrus. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 101:28–33

  • Chen YP, Yang WY (2005) Determination of GA3, IAA, ABA and ZT in dormant buds of allium ovalifolium by HPLC. J Sichuan Agr Uni 23:498–500

  • Constantin RJ, Brown RT, Thibodeaux S (1979) Performance of ‘Owari’satsuma mandarin and Washington navel orange on trifoliate orange and citrange in Louisiana [Rootstocks, cultivars, yield, quality]. J Am Soc Hort Sci 63:49–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochen M, Reitz HJ (1963) Rootstocks for Valencia orange and ruby red grapefruit. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 76:29–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies PJ (2004) Plant hormones: biosynthesis signal transduction action. Springer Science and Business Media, Berlin, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Depuydt S, Hardtke CS (2011) Hormone signaling crosstalk in plant growth regulation. Curr Biol 21:365–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2017) Food and agricultural organization, Available online with updates at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC

  • Faust M, Wang SY, Line J (1994) The possible role of indole-3-acetic acid. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 119:1215–1221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forner-Giner MA, Alcaide A, Primo-Millo E, Forner JB (2003) Performance of ‘Navelina’orange on 14 rootstocks in Northern Valencia (Spain). Sci Hortic 98:223–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giner MA, Baliu MB, Torrens J, Forner JB (2008) Performance of Washington navel orange grafted on three rootstocks. Proc Int Soc Citric 11:233

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Mas MC, Llosa MJ, Quijano A, Forner Giner MA (2009) Rootstock effects on leaf photosynthesis in “Navelina” trees grown in calcareous soil. HortScience 44(280):283

    Google Scholar 

  • Harada T (2010) Grafting and RNA transport via phloem tissue in horticultural plants. Sci Hortic 125:545–550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamboj JS, Blake PS, Quinlan JD, Baker DA (1999a) Identification and quantitation by GC-MS of zeatin and zeatin riboside in xylem sap from rootstock and scion of grafted apple trees. Plant Growth Regul 28:199–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamboj JS, Browning G, Blake PS, Quinlan JD, Baker DA (1999b) GC–MS-SIM analysis of abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in shoot bark of apple rootstocks. Plant Growth Regul 28:21–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamboj JS, Browning G, Quinlan JD, Blake PS, Baker DA (1997) Polar transport of [3H]-IAA in apical shoot segments of different apple rootstocks. J Hortic Sci 72:773–780

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koepke T, Dhingra A (2013) Rootstock scion somatogenetic interactions in perennial composite plants. Plant Cell Rep 32:1321–1337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Li J, Huang M, Chen J (2015) Mechanisms for the influence of citrus rootstocks on fruit size. J Agr Food Chem 63:2618–2627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XY, Li J, Liu MM, Yao Q, Chen JZ (2017) Transcriptome profiling to understand the effect of citrus rootstocks on the growth of `Shatangju’ mandarin. PLoS ONE 12:e0169897. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169897

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ljung K, Hull AK, Celenza J, Yamada M, Estelle M, Normanly J, Sandberg G (2005) Sites and regulation of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Cell 17(1090):1104

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhavi M, Babu KH (2003) Performance of certain sweet orange varieties in Andhra Pradesh. Madras Agric J 90:560–562

  • Malik MN (1994) Horticulture. National Book Foundation, Islamabad-Pakistan, pp 437–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Moeen UD, Muhammad I, Khan AS (2001) Effect of traditional and hybrid rootstocks on leaf mineral composition and reproductive characteristics of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco). Int J Agr Biol 3:491–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Noda K, Okuda H, Iwagaki I (2000) Indole acetic acid and abscisic acid levels in new shoots and fibrous roots of citrus scion-rootstock combinations. Sci Hort 84:245–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noda K, Okuda H, Kihara T, Iwagaki I, Kawase K (2001) Effects of rootstocks on tree growth and fruit quality in very early ripening satsuma mandarin ‘Yamakawa’. J Jap Soc Hort Sci 70:78–82

  • Patil RF, Digrase SS, Vasmate SD, Pawar SS, Sarsamkar SS (2007) Comparative study of nucellar and sathgudi mosambi (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) under the Parbhani condition. Asian J Horti 2:111–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrasek J, Friml J (2009) Auxin transport routes in plant development. Development 136:2675–2688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro RV, Machado EC, Santos MG, Oliveira RF (2009) Photosynthesis and water relations of well-watered orange plants as affected by winter and summer conditions. Photosynthetica 47:215–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shafqat W, Tahir T, Khurshid T, Ur-Rahman H, Saqib M, Jaskani, MJ (2014) Effect of rootstock types on leaf nutrient composition in three commercial citrus scion cultivars of Pakistan under the ASLP Citrus Project. In XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014). 1128:131–136.

  • Sharp RE (2002) Interaction with ethylene: changing views on the role of abscisic acid in root and shoot growth responses to water stress. Plant Cell Environ 25:211–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinde NN, Jature SD, Patil MB, Shinde VN (2004) Seedless lime a promising mutant of acid lime. J Maharashtra Agric Univ 29:227–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MW, Shaw RG, Chapman JC, Owen-Turner J, Lee LS, McRae KB, Jorgensen KR, Mungomery WV (2004) Long-term performance of ‘Ellendale’ mandarin on seven commercial rootstocks in sub-tropical Australia. Sci Hortic 102:75–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soar CJ, Dry PR, Loveys B (2006) Scion photosynthesis and leaf gas exchange in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz: mediation of rootstock effects via xylem sap ABA. Aust J Grape Wine Res 12:82–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorce C, Massai R, Picciarelli P, Lorenzi R (2002) Hormonal relationships in Xylem sap of grafted and ungrafted Prunus rootstock. Sci Hortic 93:333–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dukey D (1996) Principles and procedure of statistics. McGraw Hill Book. Co. Inc. New York, USA

  • Stenzel NM, Neves CSV (2004) Rootstocks for ‘Tahiti’ lime. Sci Agric 61:151–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens G, Weswood MN (1984) Fruit set and cytokinin-like activity in the xylem sap of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) as affected by rootstock. Physiol Plant 61:464–468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talat H, Shafqat W, Qureshi MA, Sharif N, Raza MK, ud Din S, Ikram S, Jaskani MJ (2020) Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin. J Glob Innov Agri Soc Sci 8:59–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas SG, Hedden P (2006) Gibberellin metabolism and signal transduction. Ann Pl Reviews 24:147–184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tworkoski T, Fazio G (2011) Physiological and morphological effects of size-controlling rootstocks on ‘Fuji’’ apple scions.’ Acta Hortic 903:865–872

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tworkoski T, Fazio G (2016) Hormone and growth interactions of scions and size controlling rootstocks of young apple trees. Pl Growth Regula 78:105–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willige BC, Isono E, Richter R, Zourelidou M, Schwechheimer C (2011) Gibberellin regulates pin formed abundance and is required for auxin transport dependent growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 23:2184–2195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao C, Finlayson SA (2015) Abscisic acid is a general negative regulator of Arabidopsis axillary bud growth. Plant Physiol 169:611–626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamasaki A, Yamashita M, Furuya S (1994) Mineral concentrations and cytokinins activity in the xylem exudates of grafted watermelons as affected by rootstock and crop load. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 62:817–826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young E (1989) Cytokinin and soluble carbohydrate concentrations in xylem sap of apple during dormancy and budbreak. J Am Soc Hort Sci 114:297–300

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaman L, Shafqat W, Qureshi A, Sharif N, Raza K, ud Din, S, Ikram S, Jaskani MJ and Kamran M, (2019) Effect of foliar spray of zinc sulphate and calcium carbonate on fruit quality of kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). J Glob Innov Agric Soc Sci 7:157–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Higher Education Commission, Pakistan for providing research funding under Indigenous Ph.D. Fellowship Program and Central High Tech Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad for providing facilities of analyses.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi, Muhammad Jafar Jaskani & Ahmad Sattar Khan

  2. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Rashid Ahmad

Authors
  1. Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muhammad Jafar Jaskani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmad Sattar Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rashid Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MAQ, MJJ, ASK, and RA conceived and designed the experiments. MAQ and MJJ performed the experiments. MAQ and MJJ analyzed the data. MJJ contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. MAQ wrote the paper. Final manuscript was read and approved by all the authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Jafar Jaskani.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

There is no potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Rhonda Peavy.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Qureshi, M.A., Jaskani, M.J., Khan, A.S. et al. Influence of Endogenous Plant Hormones on Physiological and Growth Attributes of Kinnow Mandarin Grafted on Nine Rootstocks. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1254–1264 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10380-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10380-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation