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Interactions between Cryptosula and Watersipora (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) on a ship’s hull in Qingdao Harbour (South Yellow Sea) after five and a half years of immersion

  • Ecology
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Abstract

The distributions of two ubiquitous fouling cheilostome bryozoans, Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803) and Watersipora sp., on a ship moored for almost six years in Qingdao Bay show differences with respect to illumination, Cryptosula being dominant on the side of the ship which was exposed to the sun and Watersipora dominating on the other side which was in shadow for most of the time. Competitive interactions for substrate space were nearly always won by Watersipora, which succeeded in overgrowing the edges of Cryptosula colonies regardless of the side of the ship. Reasons for the superiority of Watersipora in spatial competition with Cryptosula could include faster growth rate and the stronger feeding currents created by the larger lophophores of Watersipora.

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Acknowledgments

We thank PENG Bo and the staffs of Qingdao Tony Machinery and Equipment Co. Ltd. who were helpful with the sample collection and the sites photos. Our thanks also go to the anonymous referees whose valuable comments improved the paper. Thanks go also to Tomáš Zágoršek for help with the statistical analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Huilian Liu  (刘会莲), Kamil Zágoršek, Shiwei Wang  (王世伟) & Shide Ma  (马士德)

  2. Department of Geography, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, CZ-461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic

    Kamil Zágoršek

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK

    Paul D. Taylor

Authors
  1. Huilian Liu  (刘会莲)
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  2. Kamil Zágoršek
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  3. Shiwei Wang  (王世伟)
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  4. Shide Ma  (马士德)
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamil Zágoršek.

Additional information

Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. XDA11020303, XDA11020305), the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative (No. 2015VEA009), and the Project of Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-EW-Z-8)

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Liu, H., Zágoršek, K., Wang, S. et al. Interactions between Cryptosula and Watersipora (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) on a ship’s hull in Qingdao Harbour (South Yellow Sea) after five and a half years of immersion. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 35, 1179–1188 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-017-6093-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-017-6093-6

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