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Effects of Dy3+-do** on the band-gap widening and formation of mixed cubic and monoclinic phases of Sm2O3 nanoparticles

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Abstract

We synthesized Sm2−xDyxO3 (where X = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.12) nanoparticles using a co-precipitation method and investigated their structural and optical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that Dy3+-do** in Sm2O3 nanoparticles leads to the formation of a monoclinic polymorphic phase along with the cubic phase of Sm2O3 and its fraction increases with increasing Dy3+-do** concentration. The substitution of Dy3+ at the Sm3+ site converts the cubic Sm2O3 unit cells into distorted monoclinic Sm2−XDyXO3 unit cells. The average crystallite and nanoparticle sizes decrease with increasing Dy3+-do** concentration. Dy3+-ions act as particle size inhibitors, which is attributed to an increase in the segregation of Dy3+-dopant ions at the surface of the nanoparticles with increasing Dy3+-do** content. The peak appearing at 851 cm−1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirms the formation of Sm2O3. Widening of the band gap (Eg) above the band gap of pure cubic Sm2O3 with Dy3+-do** concentration has been observed for X > 0.06, which is due to the Moss-Burstein and quantum size effects.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL) and Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151401 for providing the infrastructure and laboratory facilities.

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The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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Author notes

  1. Rachana Sain and Ayan Roy: Equally contributed.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India

    Rachana Sain, Ayan Roy, Ajay Kumar,  Anu,  Deeksha, Pawanpreet Kour, Ravi Pratap Singh & Kamlesh Yadav

  2. School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India

    Rachana Sain

  3. Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India

    Ayan Roy

  4. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India

    Ajay Kumar

  5. Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India

    Kamlesh Yadav

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  1. Rachana Sain
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Contributions

RS and AR: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing of the original draft. AK, Anu, Deeksha, PK, RPS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing—review and editing. KY: Supervision, Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review and editing, Validation, Visualization.

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Correspondence to Kamlesh Yadav.

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Sain, R., Roy, A., Kumar, A. et al. Effects of Dy3+-do** on the band-gap widening and formation of mixed cubic and monoclinic phases of Sm2O3 nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 129, 804 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-07051-9

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