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Nanotechnology applications in rheumatology

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Abstract

Nanomedicine (NM) is the medical use of nanotechnology (NT). NT is the study and control of nanoscale structures (between approximately 1 and 100 nm). Nanomaterials are created by manipulating atoms and molecules at the nanoscale, resulting in novel physical and chemical properties. With its targeted tissue delivery capabilities, NT has enabled molecular modulation of the immune response and underlying inflammatory responses in individuals with rheumatic diseases (RD). NM has enabled targeted drug delivery, reduced adverse effects on non-target organs, raised drug concentration in synovial tissue, and slowed the progression of immune-mediated RD such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thus, NM has evolved in rheumatology prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Animal models have proven superior outcomes to conventional techniques of treating specific illnesses. Nanodiamond (ND) immunomodulatory applications have been proposed as an alternative to traditional nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of RA due to their small size and ability to be removed from the body without causing harm to the patient’s organs, such as the liver. However, human clinical NM needs more research. We conducted a literature review to assess the present role of NM in clinical rheumatology, describing its current and future applications in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust, Southport, PR8 6PN, United Kingdom

    Arvind Nune, Masroor Diwan, Apam Chiphang & Karthikeyan. P. Iyengar

  2. Department of Medicine, Northeastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, NEIGRIHMS0, Shillong, Meghalaya, India

    Bhupen Barman

  3. Royal Wolverhampton Hospital NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, United Kingdom

    Hem R. Sapkota

  4. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, 110029, India

    Pranav Ish

  5. Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, WN6 9EP, United Kingdom

    Easwaradhas G. Chelliah

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  1. Arvind Nune
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Contributions

AN, KPI involved in conceptualization, manuscript writing and editing. AN, BB, HRS, PI, EGC, MD, AC, and KPI involved in manuscript writing, acquision, analysis of the work, literature search and references. All the authors have revised the manuscript critically, approved the version submitted for publication. All co-authors are familiar with and take full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of all parts of the work.

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Correspondence to Arvind Nune.

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Nune, A., Barman, B., Sapkota, H.R. et al. Nanotechnology applications in rheumatology. Rheumatol Int 42, 1883–1891 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-022-05141-0

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