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Organoclay application in the tire tread base composite

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Abstract

The current study investigates the production of organoclay suitable for use in the base section of a passenger tire with a cap/base tread construction. The process involved the purification and modification of two types of sodium bentonite clay with different mineral characteristics and ion exchange capacities using a single-step process. The modification process of purified bentonite suspensions was performed using a two-tailed long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, namely di (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride (AD2HT), and two one-tailed long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactants, namely cetyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and octadecylamine chloride (ODA), in relatively low amounts of surfactant (0.95 CEC), along with polyethylene glycol (4% clay) as an auxiliary modifier. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the interlayer spacing of organoclays significantly increases. In addition, the XRD pattern depends on the kind of surfactant and is independent of the type of bentonite clay. The resulting organoclays were added to the tread base section of a passenger tire using the melt masterbatch technique along with a silane coupling agent. An increase in curing maximum torque (8–15%), curing delta torque (6–14%), hardness (2–10%), static modulus 300 (2–18%), and dynamic storage modulus (11–30%) of the rubber composites was observed without significant change of resilience and loss factor of the composite at 2 Phr of organoclay loadings. The organoclays based on the AD2HT modifier exhibited better mechanical properties than those based on the ODA and CTAC surfactants. The dynamic storage modulus of composites increased by about 30% with only 2 Phr of AD2HT-modified bentonites. Furthermore, the performance of the organoclay was found to be independent of the primary particle size, iron content, and ion exchange capacity of the bentonite clay within the studied range.

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Acknowledgments

The authors greatly appreciate the support of the Kavir Tire Company to conduct the project.

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The authors have not disclosed any funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, P. O. Box 97198‑66981, Birjand, Iran

    Mehdi Shiva & Razieh Seyfollahi

  2. Department of Research and Technology, Kavir Tire Co., P. O. Box 518, Birjand, Iran

    Mehdi Shiva

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

    Pouya Ghamari Kargar

  4. Department of Mining Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran

    Fereshteh Vakili Nia

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  1. Mehdi Shiva
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A contributed to definition, supervision, and writing the manuscript. B contributed to figure preparation, edition, and characterization. C contributed to experiments. D contributed to rubber experiments.

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Correspondence to Mehdi Shiva.

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Shiva, M., Ghamari Kargar, P., Seyfollahi, R. et al. Organoclay application in the tire tread base composite. Polym. Bull. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-024-05326-6

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