Abstract
The carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogel was synthesized by grafting of poly(acrylic acid) chains in the presence of ammonium persulphate–N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as initiator–cross-linker system. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were biosynthesized using aqueous extract of Diospyros discolor leave extract and polyvinyl alcohol and are then imbibed in the hydrogel. Synthesized Ag NPs- and Ag NPs-imbibed CMC hydrogel was examined through UV–Vis spectroscopy and zeta potential, and size and morphology were confirmed by TEM and FTIR techniques, respectively. The Ag NPs-imbibed CMC hydrogel acts as an effective adsorbent for the removal of harmful dyes like rhodamine B and Congo red. The maximum water absorption of synthesized hydrogel was found to be 89 g/g. TEM image revealed the formation of spherical-shape Ag NPs with the particle size of 35 nm. The value of zeta potential was found to be − 23.9 mV. The XRD and SAED patterns agreed with fcc crystalline structure of AgNPs. The synthesized CMC-Ag NPs hydrogel acts as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B and Congo red dyes. The degradation of rhodamine B and Congo red dyes was 14 and 5 times faster when compared with the hydrazine.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Sch1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig3_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Sch2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00289-019-02920-x/MediaObjects/289_2019_2920_Fig9_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zafar MN, Dar MN, Dar Q, Nawaz F, Zafar MN (2019) Effective adsorptive removal of azo dyes over spherical ZnO nanoparticles. J Mater Res Technol 18(1):713–725
Samiullah K, Aziz U, Kaleem U, Rehman N (2016) Insight into hydrogels. Des Monomers Polym 19(5):456–478
Saruchi, Kaith BS, **dal R, Kapur GS, Kumar V (2014) Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of Gum tragacanth and acrylic acid hydrogel for sustained calcium chloride release-enhancement of water holding capacity of soil. J Chin Adv Mater Soc 2:40–52
Saruchi, Kumar V (2019) Adsorption kinetics and isotherms for the removal of rhodamine B dye and Pb+2 ions from aqueous solutions by a hybrid ion-exchanger. Arab J Chem 12:316–329
Saruchi, Kumar V, Rehani V, Kaith BS (2018) Microwave-assisted synthesis of biodegradable interpenetrating polymer network of aloe vera–poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) for removal of malachite green dye: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Iran Polym J 27(11):913–926
Saruchi, Kumar VS, Kaith BS, **dal R (2016) Synthesis of hybrid ion exchanger for rhodamine B dye removal: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Ind Eng Chem Res 55(39):10492–10499
Kumar N, Mital H, Reddy L, Nair P, Ngila JC, Parashar V (2015) Morphogenesis of ZnO nanostructures: role of acetate (COOH−) and nitrate (NO3−) ligand donors from zinc salt precursors in synthesis and morphology dependent photocatalytic properties. RSC Adv 5:38801–38809
Shukla SK, Agorku ES, Mittal H, Mishra AK (2014) Synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence properties of Ce + 3-doped ZnO-nanophosphors. Chem Pap 68:217–222
Saruchi, Kaith BS, **dal R, Kumar V (2015) Biodegradation of Gum tragacanth acrylic acid based hydrogel and its impact on soil fertility. Polym Degrad Stab 115:24–31
Saruchi, Thakur P, Kumar V (2019) Kinetics and thermodynamic studies for removal of methylene blue dye by biosynthesize copper oxide nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity. J Environ Health Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-019-00354-1
Mittal H, Kumar V, Ray SS, Saruchi (2016) Adsorption of methyl violet from aqueous solution using gum xanthan/Fe3O4 based nanocomposite hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 89:1–11
Mittal H, Kaith BS, **dal R (2010) Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviour of poly(acrylamide-comethacrylic acid) grafted Gum ghatti based superabsorbent hydrogels. Adv Appl Sci Res 1:56–66
Kaith BS, Saruchi, **dal R, Bhatti MS (2012) Screening and RSM optimization for synthesis of a Gum tragacanth–acrylic acid based device for in situ controlled cetirizine dihydrochloride release. Soft Matter 8:2286–2293
Mittal H, Kaith BS, **dal R, Mishra SB, Mishra AK (2015) A comparative study on the effect of different reaction conditions on graft co-polymerization, swelling and thermal properties of Gum ghatti based hydrogels. J Thermal Anal Calorim 119:131–144
Kaith BS, Mittal H, **dal R, Maiti M, Kalia S (2011) Environment benevolent biodegradable polymers: synthesis, biodegradability and applications. In: Kalia S, Kaith BS, Kaur I (eds) Cellulose fibers: bio- and nano-polymer composites green chemistry and technology. Springer, Berlin, pp 425–451
Kalia S, Sheoran S, Mittal H, Kumar A (2013) Surface modification of ramie fibers using microwave assisted graft copolymerization followed by Brevibacillus parabrevis pretreatment. Adv Mater Lett 4:742–748
Namasivayam SKR, Gnanendra KE, Reepika R (2010) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Lactobacillus acidophilus 01 strain and evaluation of its in vitro genomic DNA toxicity. Nano Micro Lett 2:160–163
Jacob JA, Biswas N, Mukherjee T, Kapoor S (2011) Effect of plant-based phenol derivatives on the formation of Cu and Ag nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B 87:49–53
Zaheer Z (2012) Silver nanoparticles to self-assembled films: green synthesis and characterization. Colloids Surf B 90:48–52
Sunita RB, Veera RG, Tushar KG, Robert VT, Sudarshan KL (2011) Gold, silver, and palladium nanoparticle/nano-agglomerate generation, collection, and characterization. J Nanopart Res 13:6591–6601
Shaheen M, Sarkar M, Lutfor R, Kwok FC, Mashitah MY (2017) Poly(hydroxamic acid) palladium catalyst for heck reactions and its application in the synthesis of Ozagrel. J Catal 350:103–110
Kulkarni AV, Chavhan A, Bappakhane A, Chimmankar J (2016) ZnO nanoparticles as adsorbent for removal of methylene blue dye. Res J Chem Environ Sci 4:158–163
Saruchi, Kaith BS, **dal R, Kumar V, Bhatti MS (2014) Optimal response surface design of Gum tragacanth based poly[(acrylic acid)-co-acrylamide] IPN hydrogel for controlled release of antihypertensive drug losartan potassium. RSC Adv 4:39822–39829
Saruchi, Kaith BS, Kumar V, **dal R (2016) Biodegradation study of enzymatically catalyzed interpenetrating polymer network: evaluation of agrochemical release and impact on soil fertility. Biotechnol Rep 9:74–81
Singh R, Wagh P, Wadhwani S, Gaidhaini S, Kumbhar A, Bellare J (2013) Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and their enhanced antibacterial activity when combined with antibiotics. Int J Nanomed 8:4277–4290
Kumar AS, Ravi S, Kathiravan V, Velmurugan S (2014) Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles using Tribulus terrestris leaf extract. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 121:88–93
ThirumalaiArasu V, Prabhu D, Soniya M (2010) Stable silver nanoparticles synthesizing methods and its applications. J Biosci Res 1:259–270
Kalishwaralal K, Barath MS, Pandian SRK, Deepak V, Gurunathan S (2010) Silver nanoparticles impede the biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Epidermidis. Colloids Surf B 79(2):340–344
Junejo Y, Sirajuddin A (2014) Green chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its catalytic activity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 24:401–406
Yiming Z, Shiyu F, Liangliang Z, Huaiyu Z (2013) Superabsorbent nanocomposite hydrogels made of carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils and CMC-g-p (AA-co-AM). Carbohydr Polym 97:429–435
Rokhade AP, Agnihotri SA, Patil SA, Mallikarjuna NN, Kulkarni PV, Aminabhavi TM (2006) Semi-interpenetrating polymer network microspheres of gelatin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for controlled release of ketorolac tromethamine. Carbohydr Polym 65:243–252
Treesuppharat W, Rojanapanthu P, Siangsanoh C, Manuspiya H, Ummartyotin S (2017) Synthesis and characterization of bacterial cellulose and gelatin-based hydrogel composites for drug-delivery systems. Biotechnol Rep 15:84–91
Ishak WHW, Ahmad I, Ramli S, Amin MCIM (2018) Gamma irradiation-assisted synthesis of cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced gelatin hydrogels. Nanomaterials 8:749–761
Kljun A, Thomas AS, Florence BG, Frank M, Paul JK, Richard SB (2011) Comparative analysis of crystallinity changes in cellulose I polymers using ATR-FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and carbohydrate-binding module probes. Biomacromolecules 12:4121–4126
Kalimuthu K, Babu RS, Venkataraman D, Bilal M, Gurunathan S (2008) Biosynthesis of silver nanocrystals by Bacillus licheniformis. Colloids Surf B 65(1):150–153
Kumari J, Baunthiyal M, Singh A (2016) Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Urtica dioica Linn. leaves and their synergistic effects with antibiotics. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 9:217–227
Chengjun Z, Qinglin W, Yiying Y, Quanguo Z (2011) Application of rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals in polyacrylamide hydrogels. J Colloid Interface Sci 353:116–123
Bryaskova R, Georgieva N, Pencheva D, Todorova Z, Lazarova N, Kantardjiev T (2014) Synthesis and characterization of hybrid materials with embedded silver nanoparticles and their application as antimicrobial matrices for waste water purification. Colloids Surf A 444:114–119
Vasileva P, Donkova B, Karadjova I, Dushkin C (2011) Synthesis of starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles and their application as a surface plasmon resonance-based sensor of hydrogen peroxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 382:203–210
Zhang M, Yang NG, Portney D, Cui G, Budak E, Ozbay M, Ozkan CS (2008) Zeta potential: a surface electrical characteristic to probe the interaction of nanoparticles with normal and cancer human breast epithelial cells. Biomed Microdevice 10:321–328
Arjunan N, Kumari HLJ, Singaravelu CM, Kandasamy R, Kandasamy J (2016) Physicochemical investigations of biogenic chitosan-silver nanocomposite as antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Int J Biol Macromol 92:77–87
Gang L, Yun L, Wang Z, Liu H (2017) Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles with carboxymethyl cellulose for degradation of azo-dyes. Mater Chem Phys 187:133–140
Bonia NN, Kamaruddin MS, Nawawi MH, Ratim S, Azlina HN, Ali ES (2016) Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using ‘Polygonum Hydropiper’ and study its catalytic degradation of methylene blue. Procedia Chem 19:594–602
Joseph S, Mathew B (2015) Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their application in dye degradation. Mater Sci Eng B 195:90–97
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest regarding this manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saruchi, Kumar, V. Effective degradation of rhodamine B and Congo red dyes over biosynthesized silver nanoparticles-imbibed carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel. Polym. Bull. 77, 3349–3365 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02920-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02920-x