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Comparative analysis of different treatment strategies for septic spondylitis: a retrospective study of one hundred and twelve patients

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Abstract

Purpose

To compare the clinical efficacy and prognosis differences between conservative treatment and surgical treatment in patients with non-serious neurologically intact pyogenic spondylitis (Nsi-Nsni-PS), and to provide theoretical reference for the clinical treatment of Nsi-Nsni-PS patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 112 cases of Nsi-Nsni-PS patients treated in our hospital from June 2016 to June 2021. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into conservative treatment group (53 cases) and surgical treatment group (59 cases). The general data, laboratory tests, imaging examinations, length of hospital stay, duration of antibiotic use, VAS for pain before and after treatment, ODI, local kyphotic angle correction of diseased vertebrae, and recurrence rate were collected and analyzed in both groups. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for analysis. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and independent sample t-test or rank sum test was used for comparison between groups, while variance analysis was used for intra-group comparison. Count data were expressed as number (%) and compared between groups using chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the changes in local kyphotic angle between the two groups. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

There were no significant differences in general data and imaging characteristics between the two groups (P > 0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in the positive culture rate of pathogens, length of hospital stay, duration of antibiotic use, treatment complications, WBC, CRP, ESR levels at admission and discharge, VAS and ODI at admission and last follow-up between the two groups (P > 0.05). The WBC and CRP levels of patients in the conservative group at discharge were lower than those in the surgical group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the decrease in inflammatory indicators (WBC, CRP, ESR) between the two groups (P > 0.05). By the last follow-up, the neurological function of patients in both groups had significantly improved compared to admission (P < 0.05), with 12 out of 15 ASIA grade D patients in the conservative group recovering to grade E, and 21 out of 25 grade D patients in the surgical group recovering to grade E, with no worsening of neurological function in either group. The differences in VAS and ODI scores at the last follow-up compared to before treatment were statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.05), and all patients regained normal activity. Compared with before treatment, the correction degree of local kyphotic angle in the surgical group at the last follow-up was 0.93 ± 4.94°, slightly higher than that in the conservative group (-0.83 ± 3.37°), and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).

Conclusions

During our follow-up, we found that both conservative and surgical treatments achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with Nsi-Nsni-PS. Compared to conservative treatment, surgical intervention did not demonstrate significant advantages in reducing hospitalization time and antibiotic usage duration, increasing pathogen culture positivity rate, lowering treatment complications, or controlling recurrence. However, surgical intervention showed superiority in correcting the local kyphotic angle of spinal lesions, albeit with relatively increased surgical trauma, risks, and treatment costs. At the last follow-up, the surgical group did not exhibit better long-term efficacy. Therefore, when formulating clinical treatment strategies for patients with Nsi-Nsni-PS, it may be preferable to prioritize conservative treatment, supplemented by the use of sensitive or empiric antibiotics for infection management, to improve patient prognosis.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

PS:

Pyogenic Spondylitis

Nsi-Nsni-PS:

No spinal instability and No severe neurological impairment Pyogenic Spondylitis

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Funding

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project (2021302688) of the Health and Health Commission of Jiangxi Province.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

    Bang-lin **e, Jun **ong, Biao Zhong, Qiu-xiao Ai & Dong Yang

  2. Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

    **g-du Wei

  3. Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, NanChang, China

    Dong Yang

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  1. Bang-lin **e
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  2. **g-du Wei
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  3. Jun **ong
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  4. Biao Zhong
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  5. Qiu-xiao Ai
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  6. Dong Yang
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Contributions

Dong yang designed the experiments. Bang-lin **e, **g-du Wei,.Biao Zhong and Jun **ong collected the clinical data. Bang-lin **e and Qiu-xiao Ai performed data analysis. Bang-lin **e and**g-du Wei wrote the paper. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dong Yang.

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**e, Bl., Wei, Jd., **ong, J. et al. Comparative analysis of different treatment strategies for septic spondylitis: a retrospective study of one hundred and twelve patients. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-024-06247-9

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