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Do essential oils from plants occurring in the Brazilian Caatinga biome present antifungal potential against dermatophytoses? A systematic review

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Abstract

The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome where semiarid climatic conditions promote singularities in adaptive biodiversity. Many aromatic species are found in this region possessing antifungal properties, which are attributed to their essential oils. Thus, we questioned whether essential plant oils found in the Caatinga present anti-dermatophytic potential. Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that cause one of the most prevalent mycoses globally, skin infections known as dermatophytoses (tineas). Here, we provide a comprehensive report of the available published information, analyzing the methods used to evaluate the antifungal activity, verifying the quality of the evidence and possible clinical applications, and discussing research trends in this area. The plants studied concentrated in the genera Croton (Euphorbiaceae), Lippia (Verbenaceae), Piper (Piperaceae), and Mentha (Lamiaceae). All of the studies used in vitro tests to analyze antifungal potential, and little evidence was ascertained concerning the mechanism of antifungal action. In addition, the essential oils also evidenced drug modifying activity of conventional antifungal drugs (Ketoconazole and Terbinafine). We believe that the anti-dermatophyte potential of plant essential oils occurring within the Caatinga is underestimated and that this review will encourage future chemical-pharmacological investigations into the plants within this biome.

Key points

• The essential oils from plants occurring in the Caatinga Biome present unknown anti-dermatophyte potential.

• The studies against dermatophyte fungi concentrate on the families Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae.

• In vitro assays were used to assess the anti-dermatophyte potential of the essential oils.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank David Peter Harding for reviewing the English, and Michelle Jacob for exchanging ideas during the construction of the search strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil

    Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira

  2. Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil

    Anna Paula de Castro Teixeira

  3. Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil

    Francinalva Dantas de Medeiros

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Design of the study: FOP; Data collection, drafting, and critical revision of the manuscript: FOP, FDM, and APCT.

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Pereira, F.d., Teixeira, A.P.d. & de Medeiros, F.D. Do essential oils from plants occurring in the Brazilian Caatinga biome present antifungal potential against dermatophytoses? A systematic review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 6559–6578 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11530-5

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