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Comparative Genomics of Marine Mussels (Mytilus spp.) Gender Associated mtDNA: Rapidly Evolving atp8

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Abstract

The unusual mode of mitochondrial DNA inheritance, with two separate: maternal (F) and paternal (M) lineages, gives unique opportunities to study the evolution of the mitochondrial genome. This system was first discovered in the marine mussels Mytilus. The three related species: Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilus trossulus form a complex in which the divergence of M and F lineages pre-dates the speciation. The complete mitochondrial genomes of both lineages were known for all species except Pacific M. trossulus. Here we report, for the first time, the complete sequences of both mitochondrial genomes of Pacific M. trossulus, filling the gap. While the reported M and F genomes are highly diverged (26%), they have similar organisation. The only difference is the translocation of one tRNA gene into the long, mosaic control region of the F genome. Consistent presence of an ORF which most likely represents the atp8 gene was confirmed in both genomes. The predicted protein has characteristics expected of the functional atp8 even though the M and F versions are markedly different in length. Comparative analysis involving all three species led to the conclusion that the cause of a faster evolution of atp8 and Mytilus mtDNA in general is most likely the Compensation-Draft Feedback process coupled with relatively relaxed selection in the M lineage. Thus, we postulate that the adaptive changes may have played a role in the emergence of highly diverged, barely recognizable atp8 in Mytilus mussels.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the European Commission ICA-2002-70074 (COGENE) grant to RW and by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant No. NN303 418336 to AB. Most of the bioinformatic analyses were run on the computer cluster at CI TASK in Gdańsk. We would like to thank Dr Nobuyuki Inomata, the Associate Editor handling this manuscript, for useful suggestions.

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  1. Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland

    Beata Śmietanka, Artur Burzyński & Roman Wenne

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  1. Beata Śmietanka
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Correspondence to Artur Burzyński.

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Śmietanka, B., Burzyński, A. & Wenne, R. Comparative Genomics of Marine Mussels (Mytilus spp.) Gender Associated mtDNA: Rapidly Evolving atp8 . J Mol Evol 71, 385–400 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-010-9393-4

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