Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the synthesis process of composite materials based on fir bark for thermochemical transformation and to determine the influence of additives such as zinc chloride, natural graphite of various origins on the structural and electrochemical characteristics of the carbonized products. Modification of fir bark sawdust with amorphous and/or crystalline graphite and zinc chloride allowed for the synthesis of products with a specific surface area of up to 780 m2/g and an apparent specific electrical capacity up to 540 F/g. It was revealed that carbonization of samples containing zinc chloride leads to the formation of porous carbon/zinc oxide composites. The solid residue obtained from the mixture of three components (fir bark, crystalline graphite, and zinc chloride) has the highest apparent specific electrical capacity. It is assumed that the combination of the structures of amorphous, crystalline carbon, and zinc oxide promotes the diffusion of electrolyte and the accumulation of electric charge in carbon composite.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-021-01298-2/MediaObjects/226_2021_1298_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-021-01298-2/MediaObjects/226_2021_1298_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-021-01298-2/MediaObjects/226_2021_1298_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-021-01298-2/MediaObjects/226_2021_1298_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-021-01298-2/MediaObjects/226_2021_1298_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-021-01298-2/MediaObjects/226_2021_1298_Fig6_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benković ET, Grohar T, Žigon D, Švajger U, Janeš D, Kreft S, Štrukelj B (2014) Chemical composition of the silver fir (Abies alba) bark extract Abigenol and its antioxidant activity. Ind Crops Prod 52:23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.005
Biswal M, Banerjee A, Deo M, Ogale S (2013) From dead leaves to high energy density supercapacitors. Energy Environ Sci 6:1249–1259. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE22325F
Guetteche Y, Bordjiba T, Bouguerne B, Nabeti Z, Mahmoudi O, Lemzademi A (2017) Development of composite material based on porous microfibrous carbon and zinc oxide for energy storage application. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 12:1874–1884. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20964/2017.03.37
Iakunkov A, Skrypnychuk V, Nordenstro A, Shilayeva EA, Korobov M, Prodana EM, Larssond SH, Talyzin AV (2019) Activated graphene as a material for supercapacitor lectrodes: effects of surface area, pore size distribution and hydrophilicity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 21:17901–17912. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03327k
Johra FT, Lee J-W, Jung W-G (2014) Facile and safe graphene preparation on solution based platform. J Ind Eng Chem 20:2883–2887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.11.022
Karnana M, Subramania K, Srividhyac PK, Sathish M (2017) Electrochemical studies on corncob derived activated porous carbon for supercapacitors application in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 228:586–596
Kashyap S, Mishra S, Behera SK (2014) Aqueous colloidal stability of graphene oxide and chemically converted grapheme. J Nanoparticles. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/640281
Khazraji AC, Robert S (2013) Self-assembly and intermolecular forces when cellulose and water interact using molecular modeling. J Nanomater. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/745979
Lia Z, Gadipellia S, Yanga Y, Hea G, Guoa J, Lia J, Lua Y, Howard CA, Brettc DJL, Parkina IP, Lid F, Guoa Z (2019) Exceptional supercapacitor performance from optimized oxidation of graphene-oxide. Energy Storage Mater 17:12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2018.12.006
Lufrano F, Staiti P (2010) Mesoporous carbon materials as electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.. 5:903–916. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228900080
Ma L, Lib J, Ma X (2019) Improvement of electrochemical properties of activated carbon hollowfibers from liquefied wood by charcoal power. Mater Lett 255–126544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126544
Manoj B, Kunjomana AG (2012) Study of Stacking Structure of Amorphous Carbon by X-Ray Diffraction Technique. Int j Electrochem Sci 7:3127–3134
Marie M, Mandal S, Manasreh O (2015) An electrochemical glucose sensor based on zinc oxide nanorods. Sensors 15:18714–18723. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150818714
Marsh H, Rodriguez-Reinoso F (2006) Activated Carbon. Elsevier Ltd.
Mensah-Darkwa K, Zequine C, Kahol PK, Gupta RK (2019) Supercapacitor energy storage device using biowastes: a sustainable approach to green energy. Sustainability 11:1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020414
Ostroukhova LA, Fedorova TE, Onuchina NA, Levchuk AA, Babkin VA (2018) Determination of the quantitative content of extractives from wood, roots and bark of trees of coniferous species of Siberia: larch (Larix sibirica L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), fir (Abies sibirica L.), spruce (Picea obovata L.) and cedar ( Pinus sibirica Du Tour.). Chemistry of vegetable raw materials (Russ) 4:185–195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018044245
Pasztory Z, Mohacsine IR, Gorbacheva G, Borcsok Z (2016) The utilization of tree bark. BioResources 11:7859–7888
Pei S, Wei Q, Huang K, Cheng H-M, Ren W (2018) Green synthesis of graphene oxide by seconds timescale water electrolytic oxidation. Nat Commun 9:145. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02479-z
Peng X, Zhang L, Chen Z, Zhong L, Zhao D, Chi X, Zhao X, Li L, Lu X, Leng K, Liu C, Liu W, Tang W, Loh KP (2019) Hierarchically porous carbon plates derived from wood as bifunctional ORR/OER electrodes. Adv Mater 31–1900341. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201900341
Raghu M (2011) Nanostructured arrays for sensing and energy storage applications. University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations
Teng S, Siegel G, Wang W, Tiwariz A (2014) Carbonized wood for supercapacitor electrodes. ECS Solid State Lett 3:M25–M28. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.005405ssl
Terinte N, Ibbett R, Schuster KC (2011) Overview on native cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose I structure studied by X-ray diffraction (WAXD): comparison between measurement techniques. Lenzinger Berichte 89:118–131
Tsyganova S, Mazurova E, Bondarenko G, Chesnokov N (2016) Influence of prolonged exposure of wood to water on wood structure and biochar properties. Wood Sci Technol 50:963–972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0831-3
Tsyganova SI, Mazurova EV, Bondarenko GN, Fitisova OYu, Skvortsova GP (2020) Structural and current-voltage characteristics of carbon materials obtained during carbonization of fir and aspen barks. Biomass Bioenerg 142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105759
Veeramani V, Sivakumar M, Chen S-M, Madhu R, Alamri HR, Alothman ZA, Hossain MSA, Chen C-K, Yamauchi Y, Miyamotoc N, Wu KC-W (2017) Lignocellulosic biomass-derived, graphene sheetlike porous activated carbon for electrochemical supercapacitor and catechin sensing. RSC Adv 7:45668–45675. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra07810b
Wang H, Yu S, Xu B (2016) Hierarchical porous carbon materials prepared using nano-ZnO as a template and activation agent for ultrahigh power supercapacitors. Chem Commun (camb) 20:11512–11515. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC05911B
**ao X, Han B, Chen G, Wang L, Wang Y (2017) Preparation and electrochemical performances of carbon sphere@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications. Sci Rep 7:40167. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40167
Xu C, Strømme M (2019) Sustainable porous carbon materials derived from wood-based biopolymers for CO2 capture. Nanomaterials 9:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9010103
Yang H, Ye S, Zhou J, Liang T (2019) Biomass-derived porous carbon materials for supercapacitor. Front Chem 7:274. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00274
Yu J, Gao L-z, Li X-l, Wu C, Gao L-l, Li C-m (2016) Porous carbons produced by the pyrolysis of green onion leaves and their capacitive behavior. New Carbon Mater 31:475–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(16)60026-4
Zhang J, Zhang W (2014) Preparation and characteristics of activated carbon from wood bark and its use for adsorption of Cu (II). Materials Science (medziagotyra) 20:474–478. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.20.4.6400
Acknowledgements
This work was carried out as part of the state assignment of the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS (project 121031500180-8) using the equipment of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Collective Use of the Federal Research Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tsyganova, S.I., Bondarenko, G.N. & Fetisova, O.Y. Energy storage in carbon materials synthesized from fir bark modified with graphite and zinc chlorine. Wood Sci Technol 55, 1123–1134 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01298-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01298-2