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Novel and efficient approach to identify hop cultivars (Humulus lupulus L.) using cultivar identification diagram strategy based on fingerprint of flavonol di- and tri-O-glycosides

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Abstract

The profile of flavonoids in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) showed a significant cultivar diversity applicable for distinguishing cultivars. The aims of this study were (1) to identify and describe flavonol di- and tri-glycosides in hops; (2) to analyze the profile of flavonol glycosides in various hop cultivars; and (3) to develop a new approach for identifying hop cultivars using a manual cultivar identification diagram that consisted of the ratios between specific flavonol di- and tri-glycosides. The total of 22 different flavonol O-glucosides were detected and tentatively identified using liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS). The identified O-flavonol glycosides, mainly containing aglycones, quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin, were categorized into five groups according to their sugar moieties. Furthermore, fourteen characteristic peaks with a low sample-to-sample variation and acceptable coefficient of variation (< 20%) throughout growing seasons were selected for chemometric analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to two data sets to characterize the similarity and differences among samples: one data set contained five hop cultivars common in the Czech Republic and the second one consisted of 17 hop cultivars from around the world. The results of the HCA of flavonol di- and tri-glycosides proved the genotypic effect on their profile and allowed to select compounds primarily responsible for clustering hop cultivars into groups. These compounds were used for develo** an efficient cultivar identification strategy based on the manual cultivar identification diagram. The functionality of the identification diagram was successfully tested and allowed, based on the specific ratios between flavonol glucosides, reliable discrimination among the five most common hop cultivars planted in the Czech Republic. Compared to the genetic or chemotaxonomic methods, the newly developed approach for the hop cultivar identification provided reliable results even if the tested materials were hop pellets or beer.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic within the project TE02000177 ‘Centre for Innovative Use and Strengthening of Competitiveness of Czech Brewery Raw Materials and Products’, Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic within the institutional support MZE-RO1918; and Charles University within the project SVV260440.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511/15, Prague 2, 120 44, Prague, Czech Republic

    Martin Dušek, Vladimíra Jandovská, Alexandr Mikyška & Jana Olšovská

  2. Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Vladimíra Jandovská

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  1. Martin Dušek
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  2. Vladimíra Jandovská
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Contributions

MD designed the experiments and collected the data with the help of VJ. MD wrote the manuscript draft and revised it according to the feedback of AM and VJ. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Martin Dušek.

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Dušek, M., Jandovská, V., Mikyška, A. et al. Novel and efficient approach to identify hop cultivars (Humulus lupulus L.) using cultivar identification diagram strategy based on fingerprint of flavonol di- and tri-O-glycosides. Eur Food Res Technol 247, 651–662 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03653-2

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