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An optimization based resilient control strategy for voltage unbalance compensation in grid connected microgrid system

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Abstract

A novel two stage multi-objective control strategy for optimal voltage unbalance compensation in low voltage microgrid systems consisting of inverter interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) has been presented in this research. To ensure continuous and safe operation of the IIDGs during unbalanced voltage sags, the proposed control strategy supplies the optimal positive sequence voltage support and performs voltage unbalance compensation considering the current limitation of the inverters. The control strategy also ensures that the DGs deliver maximum allowable active power during voltage sag. The positive and negative sequence quantities of the IIDGs are controlled in such a way so that these objectives can be achieved simultaneously. The DGs are operated in coordination with each other to maintain the voltage profile as desired by the grid operator. Prioritisation of active power and unbalance compensation can be set depending upon the requirement of the customer. Under severe grid imbalance condition, the proposed technique can raise the positive sequence voltage to near nominal value from below 0.9 per unit maintaining all phase currents of DGs within safety limit.To solve the optimization problem and to generate the optimal references for the DG control unit, artificial cooperative search algorithm has been utilised. The two stage control strategy includes a local control for each DG, which coordinates with the central control to provide the optimal references for all the DGs. The multi-objective control strategy has been tested under different operating conditions and implemented in real time digital simulator to ensure the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Abbreviations

PCC:

Point of common coupling

VUF:

Voltage unbalance factor

DG:

Distributed generator

ACS:

Artificial cooperative search algorithm

RES:

Renewable energy sources

LVRT:

Low voltage ride through

IIDGs:

Inverter interfaced distributed generators

RTDS:

Real time digital simulator

CC:

Central control

P, Q :

Active and reactive power of the DG

\(I_{d}^{ + } ,I_{d}^{ - }\) :

Positive and negative sequence DG current (d component)

\(V_{k}^{ + } ,V_{k}^{ - }\) :

Positive and negative sequence voltage at bus k.

\(V_{j}^{ - } ,V_{l}^{ - }\) :

Negative sequence voltage at adjacent buses (j, l) to bus k

v p 1, v p 2 :

Voltage at point p1 and p2

f1, f2:

Objective functions

n :

Number of buses

\(I_{abc}^{{{\text{limit}}}}\) :

DG current limit

\(Q_{\max } , \, Q_{{{\text{ref}}}}\) :

Maximum and reference reactive power

\(V_{a}^{ + } {, }V_{b}^{ + } ,V_{c}^{ + }\) :

Positive sequence phase a, b, c voltages

\(Y_{jk}^{ - }\) :

Negative sequence admittance between buses j and k

\(I_{{d\_{\text{ref}}}}^{ + } ,I_{{q\_{\text{ref}}}}^{ + }\) :

Positive sequence DG current references (d and q components)

\(Y_{Gk}^{ - }\) :

Negative sequence admittance of DG connected to bus k

\({\text{VUF}}^{{{\text{lmt}}}}\) :

VUF limit

\(I_{Gd,}^{ - } I_{Gq}^{ - } ,I_{G0}^{ - }\) :

Negative sequence d, q and 0 components of DG

\(V^{ + } {, }V^{ - } ,V_{{{\text{nom}}}}\) :

Positive sequence, negative sequence and nominal voltage

\(I_{k}^{ - }\) :

Negative sequence current at bus k

F :

Overall objective function

w1, w2:

Weight coefficients

N, D :

Population size and problem dimension

\(I_{abc}^{ + }\) :

Positive sequence component of DG current

\(V_{a}^{ - } {, }V_{b}^{ - } ,V_{c}^{ - }\) :

Negative sequence phase a, b, c voltages

\(I_{abc}^{ - }\) :

Negative sequence component of DG current.

\(V_{Gk}^{ - }\) :

Negative sequence voltage od DG connected to bus k

\(I_{abc}\) :

DG current

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  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Yadala Pavankumar, Sudipta Debnath & Subrata Paul

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  1. Yadala Pavankumar
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  2. Sudipta Debnath
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  3. Subrata Paul
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Pavankumar, Y., Debnath, S. & Paul, S. An optimization based resilient control strategy for voltage unbalance compensation in grid connected microgrid system. Electr Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-024-02513-6

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