Log in

Ambiguity and partial Bayesian updating

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Economic Theory Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Models of updating a set of priors either do not allow a decision maker to make inference about her priors (full bayesian updating or FB) or require an extreme degree of selection (maximum likelihood updating or ML). I characterize a general method for updating a set of priors, partial bayesian updating (PB), in which the decision maker (1) utilizes an event-dependent threshold to determine whether a prior is likely enough, conditional on observed information, and then (2) applies Bayes’ rule to the sufficiently likely priors. I show that PB nests FB and ML and explore its behavioral properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anscombe, F.J., Aumann, R.J.: A definition of subjective probability. Ann. Math. Stat. 34, 199–205 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bastianello, L., Faro, J.H., Santos, A.: Dynamically consistent objective and subjective rationality. Econ. Theory 74(2), 477–504 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchêne, D., Li, J., Li, M.: Ambiguous Persuasion. J. Econ. Theory 179, 312–365 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bewley, T.: Knightian decision theory. Part I. Decis. Econ. Finance 25, 79–110 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bose, S., Renou, L.: Mechanism design with ambiguous communication devices. Econometrica 82, 1853–1872 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, X.: Relative maximum likelihood updating of ambiguous beliefs. J. Math. Econ. 99, 102587 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2021.102587

  • Dean, M., Ortoleva, P.: Allais, Ellsberg, and preferences for hedging. Theor. Econ. 12, 377–424 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dominiak, A., Lefort, J.-P.: Unambiguous events and dynamic Choquet preferences. Econ. Theor. 46, 401–425 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellsberg, D.: Risk, ambiguity, and the Savage axioms. Q. J. Econ. 75(4), 643–669 (1961). https://doi.org/10.2307/1884324

  • Epstein, L.G., Schneider, M.: Recursive multiple-priors. J. Econ. Theory 113, 1–31 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, L.G., Schneider, M.: Learning under ambiguity. Rev. Econ. Stud. 74(4), 1275–1303 (2007)

  • Epstein, L.G., Schneider, M.: Ambiguity, information quality, and asset pricing. J. Finance 63, 197–228 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faro, J.H., Lefort, J.-P.: Dynamic objective and subjective rationality. Theor. Econ. 14, 1–14 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faro, J.H., Santos, A.: Updating variational (Bewley) preferences. Econ. Theory 75, 207–228 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, M., Iijima, R., Yaouanq, Y.L.: Objective rationality foundations for (dynamic) \(\alpha \)-MEU. J. Econ. Theory 200, 105394 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghirardato, P.: Revisiting savage in a conditional world. Econ. Theory 20, 83–92 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghirardato, P., Maccheroni, F., Marinacci, M.: Differentiating ambiguity and ambiguity attitude. J. Econ. Theory 118, 133–173 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghirardato, P., Maccheroni, F., Marinacci, M.: Revealed ambiguity and its consequences: updating. In: Abdellaoui, M., Hey, J.D. (eds.) Advances in Decision Making Under Risk and Uncertainty, vol. 42, pp. 3–18. Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ghirardato, P., Marinacci, M.: Ambiguity made precise: a comparative foundation. J. Econ. Theory 102, 251–289 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilboa, I., Maccheroni, F., Marinacci, M., Schmeidler, D.: Objective and subjective rationality in a multiple Prio model. Econometrica 78, 755–770 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilboa, I., Marinacci, M.: Ambiguity and the Bayesian paradigm. Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications. In: Acemoglu, D., Arellano, M., Dekel, E. (eds.) Tenth World Congress of the Econometric Society. New York, Cambridge University Press (2011)

  • Gilboa, I., Schmeidler, D.: Maxmin expected utility with non-unique prior. J. Math. Econ. 18, 141–153 (1989)

  • Gilboa, I., Schmeidler, D.: Updating ambiguous beliefs. J. Econ. Theory 59, 33–49 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanany, E., Klibanoff, P.: Updating preferences with multiple priors. Theor. Econ. 2(3), 261–298 (2007)

  • Hanany, E., Klibanoff, P.: Updating ambiguity averse preferences. B.E. J. Theor. Econ. 9, 0000102202193517041547 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, B.: Updating confidence in beliefs. J. Econ. Theory 199, 105209 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2021.105209

  • Hogarth, R.M., Einhorn, H.J.: Order effects in belief updating: the belief-adjustment model. Cogn. Psychol. 24, 1–55 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffray, J.-Y.: Application of linear utility theory to belief functions. In: Uncertainty and Intelligent Systems. Springer (1988)

  • Kellner, C., Quement, M.T.L.: Endogenous ambiguity in cheap talk. J. Econ. Theory 173, 1–17 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kopylov, I.: Choice deferral and ambiguity aversion. Theor. Econ. 4, 199–225 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopylov, I.: Subjective probability, confidence, and Bayesian updating. Econ. Theory 62, 635–658 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ok, E.A., Ortoleva, P., Riella, G.: Incomplete preferences under uncertainty: indecisiveness in beliefs versus tastes. Econometrica 80, 1791–1808 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pires, C.P.: A rule for updating ambiguous beliefs. Theor. Decis. 33, 137–152 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthew Kovach.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

I would like to thank Pietro Ortoleva and Federico Echenique for their guidance and support through all stages of this project. I would also like to thank Adam Dominiak, Kota Saito, Euncheol Shin, Hector Tzavellas, and Gerelt Tserenjigmid. Much of this work is derived from my second-year paper in the Social Science PhD program at Caltech. All errors are my own.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kovach, M. Ambiguity and partial Bayesian updating. Econ Theory (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-023-01528-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-023-01528-7

Keywords

JEL Classification

Navigation