Abstract
Computer-aided process planning, as the link between designing and machining, is expected to move towards being of more automation and intelligence with the current trend of intelligent manufacturing. Hence, a solution with STEP-NC and feature-based technology for intelligent process planning is proposed based on the analysis of the mainstream enabling technologies in process planning, making full use of the data advantage of the STEP-NC standard and integrating process planning unit module from the content. More automated operations will be implemented through taking machining features as planning units and develo** integrated built-in models as well as algorithms to aid decision-making. The solution is implemented by develo** a process planning prototype system, wherein key implementation techniques and model-based planning algorithms are introduced. To verify the feasibility of the solution, two test parts of the industrial application level are applied to the prototype system. The application results show that the solution has promising application prospects and reference value for improving the automation and intelligence of the whole planning process.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Figa_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Figb_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Figc_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00170-024-14064-y/MediaObjects/170_2024_14064_Fig9_HTML.png)
Data Availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and available at the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- ACO:
-
Ant colony algorithm
- AI:
-
Artificial intelligence
- CAD:
-
Computer-aided design
- CAM:
-
Computer-aided manufacturing
- CAPP:
-
Computer-aided process planning
- CAPP:
-
Computer-aided process planning
- CNC:
-
Computer numerical control
- ES:
-
Expert system
- FBM:
-
Feature-based modeling
- GA:
-
Genetic algorithm
- GPP:
-
Generative process planning
- HWSG:
-
Hardware-dependent workingstep sequence graph
- IPP:
-
Intelligent process planning
- NWSG:
-
Neutral workingstep sequence graph
- OCC:
-
OpenCascade
- OSG:
-
OpenSceneGraph
- STEP:
-
Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data
- STEP-NC:
-
Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data-Numerical Computer
- VPP:
-
Variant process planning
References
Xu X, Wang L, Newman ST (2011) Int J Comput Integr Manuf 24(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2010.518632
Shin SJ, Woo J, Rachuri S, Seo W (2019) Comput Aided Des 110:92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2018.12.009
Nassehi A, Newman ST, Allen RD (2006) Robot Comput-Integr Manuf 22(5–6):456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2005.11.003
Li P, Hu T, Zhang C (2011) Procedia Eng 15:834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.155
Wang L, Wang W, Liu D (2017) CIRP Annals 66(1):441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.015
Ye Y, Hu T, Yang Y, Zhu W, Zhang C (2018) J Intell Manuf 31(7):1751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-018-1401-3
Liu Q, Li X, Gao L (2020) J Intell Manuf 32(3):781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-020-01703-w
Li J, Zhou G, Zhang C (2021) International Journal of Production Research 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.1951869
Kumar SPL (2017) Eng Appl Artif Intell 65:294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2017.08.005
Besharati-Foumani H, Lohtander M, Varis J (2019) Procedia Manuf 38:156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.01.021
Wu D, Rosen DW, Wang L, Schaefer D (2015) Comput Aided Des 59:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2014.07.006
Lu Y, Xu X, Wang L (2020) J Manuf Syst 56:312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.06.010
**ao W, Zheng L, Huan J, Lei P (2015) Robot Comput-Integr Manuf 31:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2014.06.003
Allen RD, Harding JA, Newman* ST (2007) Int J Prod Res 43(4):655. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540412331314406
Chung DH, Suh SH (2008) Comput Aided Des 40(5):521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2008.01.009
Zhang Y, Yu X, Sun J, Zhang Y, Xu X, Gong Y (2022) J Manuf Syst 62:62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.11.002
Wang H, Liu G, Zhang Q, Mu W (2019) Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103(9–12):3557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03482-y
ISO 14649-10 (2004) Industrial automation systems and integration - physical device control - data model for computerized numerical controllers - part 10: General process data
ISO 14649-11 (2004) Industrial automation systems and integration - physical device control - data model for computerized numerical controllers - part 11: Process data for milling
ISO 14649-111 (2010) Industrial automation systems and integration - physical device control - data model for computerized numerical controllers - part 111: Tools for milling machines
ISO 14649-201 (2011) Industrial automation systems and integration - physical device control - data model for computerized numerical controllers - part 201: Machine tool data for cutting processes
Kong L, Wang L, Li F, Lv X, Li J, Ma Y, Chen B, Guo J (2021) J Manuf Syst 61:223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.09.008
Deja M, Siemiatkowski MS (2018) J Manuf Syst 48:49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2018.06.001
Kumar SPL (2018) Int J Prod Res 57(15–16):4766. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1424372
Naranje V, Kumar S (2014) Expert Syst Appl 41(4):1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.08.041
Kashkoush M, ElMaraghy H (2015) J Manuf Syst 34:43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2014.10.004
Li Y, Liu X, Gao JX, Maropoulos PG (2012) CIRP Ann 61(1):167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2012.03.085
Liu C, Li Y, Li Z (2018) J Manuf Syst 49:16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2018.08.003
Shi P, Qi Q, Qin Y, Scott PJ, Jiang X (2022) Robot Comput-Integr Manuf 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2021.102260
Um J, Suh SH, Stroud I (2016) Int J Comput Integr Manuf 29(10):1058. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2015.1130264
Milosevic M, Lukic D, Antic A, Lalic B, Ficko M, Simunovic G (2017) J Manuf Syst 42:210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2016.12.010
Zhao G, Cheng K, Wang W, Liu Y, Dan Z (2022). Int J Adv Manuf Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-08964-0
Cheng K, Zhao G, Wang W, Liu Y (2022) Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 123(1–2):627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10194-3
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the Intelligent Computing for Aerospace Technology Laboratory.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [61972011] and [52175213]. The National Natural Science Foundation of China [62102011] also supported the article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Kang Cheng: writing, original draft preparation, software, validation. Gang Zhao: supervision, methodology, reviewing. Wei Wang: methodology, reviewing, editing. Yazui Liu: structure, reviewing, editing. Deyu Hu: experimental support.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Consent for Publication
The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Ethics Approval
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Cheng, K., Zhao, G., Wang, W. et al. A STEP-NC complaint and feature-based solution for intelligent process planning. Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-14064-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-14064-y