Zusammenfassung
Die urologischen Tumoren machen ca. 40 % aller soliden Tumorentitäten aus. 30 % der Patienten entwickeln synchrone oder metachrone Organmetastasen. Die Metastasenresektion verbessert in Abhängigkeit der Tumorentität und -charakteristika das Überleben der Patienten. Die Metastasenchirurgie ist ein fester Bestandteil des multimodalen Therapiekonzepts der Patienten mit nicht-seminomatösen Keimzelltumoren im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Nur die chirurgische Inoperabilität spricht gegen eine Metastasenresektion. Die Resektion hämatogener Metastasen beim Nierenzellkarzinom gehört seit Jahrzehnten zur Standardtherapie. Die Patientenselektion ist der entscheidende Faktor für einen Überlebensvorteil. Wichtige Prognostikatoren stellen Allgemeinzustand, Metastasenanzahl, -lokalisation, und -größe dar, die zur Konsultation und Selektion der Patienten beitragen. Nur bei einem Ansprechen auf eine systemische Therapie sollten Metastasen im individuellen Fall beim Urothelkarzinom oder Peniskarzinom entfernt werden. Die aktuellen Leitlinien und die Literatur sprechen gegen eine Resektion von hämatogenen Metastasen des Prostatakarzinoms. In diesem Artikel werden Gründe gegen eine Metastasenresektion in Anlehnung an aktuelle Leitlinien und Literaturangaben dargestellt.
Abstract
Urological malignancies represent approximately 40 % of all solid tumors. Synchronous or metachronous organ metastases develop in 30 % of patients. Depending on the tumor entity and tumor characteristics, resection of metastases can improve patient survival. Surgical resection of residual tumors is an integral part of the multimodal therapy concept of patients with nonseminomatous metastatic germ-cell cancer. Surgical inoperability is the only reason not to resect. Resection of hematogenous metastases from renal cell carcinoma has been postulated as a standard therapy for decades. Appropriate patient selection is the key for a survival benefit. Prognosticators such as patient’s general condition as well as number, location, and size of metastases help to counsel and select patients accordingly. Metastases of transitional cell or penile carcinoma should only be resected when a response to systemic treatment is evident in the individual case. There is no evidence in favor of resecting organ-metastases of prostate cancer in the current guidelines and the literature. In this article, arguments against resection of metastases following the current literature and guidelines are described.
Literatur
Abe T, Kitamura H, Obara W et al (2013) Outcome of metastasectomy for urothelial carcinoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study in Japan. J Urol 190(5):1957
Albers P, Albrecht W, Algaba F et al (2011) EAU guidelines on testicular cancer: 2011 update. Eur Urol 60:304–319
Alt AL, Boorjian SA, Lohse CM et al (2011) Survival after complete surgical resection of multiple metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 117:2873–2882
Beisland C, Medby PC, Beisland HO (2004) Presumed radically treated renal cell carcinoma – recurrence of the disease and prognostic factors for subsequent survival. Scand J Urol Nephrol 38:299–305
Heidenreich A, Bastian PJ, Bellmunt J et al (2014) EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: treatment of advanced, relapsing, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol 65:467–479
Heidenreich A, Wilop S, Pinkawa M et al (2012) Surgical resection of urological tumor metastases following medical treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int 109:631–637
Herr HW, Donat SM, Bajorin DF (2001) Post-chemotherapy surgery in patients with unresectable or regionally metastatic bladder cancer. J Urol 165:811–814
Kudelin N, Bolukbas S, Eberlein M, Schirren J (2013) Metastasectomy with standardized lymph node dissection for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an 11-year single-center experience. Ann Thorac Surg 96:265–270
Lehmann J, Suttmann H, Albers P et al (2009) Surgery for metastatic urothelial carcinoma with curative intent: the German experience (AUO AB 30/05). Eur Urol 55:1293–1299
Leijte JA, Gallee M, Antonini N, Horenblas S (2008) Evaluation of current TNM classification of penile carcinoma. J Urol 180:933–938
Ljungberg B, Cowan NC, Hanbury DC et al (2010) EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: the 2010 update. Eur Urol 58:398–406
Margulis V, Shariat SF, Rapoport Y et al (2013) Development of accurate models for individualized prediction of survival after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 63:947–952
Meimarakis G, Angele M, Staehler M et al (2011) Evaluation of a new prognostic score (Munich score) to predict long-term survival after resection of pulmonary renal cell carcinoma metastases. Am J Surg 202:158–167
Mekhail TM, Abou-Jawde RM, Boumerhi G et al (2005) Validation and extension of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering prognostic factors model for survival in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 23:832–841
Nieder C, Astner ST, Andratschke NH, Marienhagen K (2011) Postoperative treatment and prognosis of patients with resected single brain metastasis: how useful are established prognostic scores? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 113:98–103
Ohlmann CH, Siemer S, Stockle M (2012) Resection of metastases from prostate cancer. Urologe A 51:363–367
Pettaway CA, Pagliaro L, Theodore C, Haas G (2010) Treatment of visceral, unresectable, or bulky/unresectable regional metastases of penile cancer. Urology 76:58–65
Pezaro CJ, Omlin A, Lorente D et al (2014) Visceral disease in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol 65:270–273
Schirren J, Trainer S, Eberlein M et al (2012) The role of residual tumor resection in the management of nonseminomatous germ cell cancer of testicular origin. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 60:405–412
Staehler MD, Kruse J, Haseke N et al (2010) Liver resection for metastatic disease prolongs survival in renal cell carcinoma: 12-year results from a retrospective comparative analysis. World J Urol 28:543–547
Stenzl A, Cowan NC, De Santis M et al (2011) Treatment of muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: update of the EAU guidelines. Eur Urol 59:1009–1018
Thelen A, Jonas S, Benckert C et al (2007) Liver resection for metastases from renal cell carcinoma. World J Surg 31:802–807
Tosco L, Van Poppel H, Frea B et al (2013) Survival and impact of clinical prognostic factors in surgically treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 63:646–652
Ulmar B, Catalkaya S, Naumann U et al (2006) Surgical treatment and evaluation of prognostic factors in spinal metastases of renal cell carcinoma. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 144:58–67
Maase H von der, Hansen SW, Roberts JT et al (2000) Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced or metastatic bladder cancer: results of a large, randomized, multinational, multicenter, phase III study. J Clin Oncol 18:3068–3077
Wan L, Pantel K, Kang Y (2013) Tumor metastasis: moving new biological insights into the clinic. Nat Med 19:1450–1464
Winter C, Pfister D, Busch J et al (2012) Residual tumor size and IGCCCG risk classification predict additional vascular procedures in patients with germ cell tumors and residual tumor resection: a multicenter analysis of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. Eur Urol 61:403–409
Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien
Interessenkonflikt. F.C. Roos und J.W. Thüroff geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Der Beitrag enthält keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roos, F., Thüroff, J. Operation hämatogener Metastasen. Urologe 53, 817–822 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-014-3467-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-014-3467-7