Zusammenfassung
Auch Väter spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit, sowohl für die Partnerin als auch das Kind. Mit den gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen und zunehmender frühzeitiger Partizipation in der Betreuung bereits von Säuglingen rückt die Beziehung des Vaters zum Kind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in den Fokus. Dabei gibt es immer mehr Evidenz dafür, dass Väter ebenso während der Schwangerschaft der Partnerin und vor allen Dingen nach der Geburt eines Kindes psychische Erkrankungen erleiden können. Da die Transition in die Vaterrolle eine große Veränderung im Leben eines Mannes ist, kann die Geburt eines Kindes ein Lebensereignis darstellen, das zu einer erstmaligen psychischen Erkrankung beiträgt oder eine erneute Episode einer schon vorhandenen Erkrankung auslöst. Beispielsweise können Geburtskomplikationen auch die anwesenden Väter traumatisieren und Traumafolgeerkrankungen nach sich ziehen. Peripartale Angsterkrankungen und Depressionen betreffen wohl ungefähr 5 % aller Männer und können sich unter anderem negativ auf die Entwicklung der exponierten Kinder auswirken. Spezielle Screenings oder gar Behandlungsangebote für betroffene Männer sind noch sehr selten und wenig erforscht. Über die Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren und Behandlung anderer psychischer Erkrankungen bei den Vätern ist noch viel weniger bekannt, hier besteht großer Forschungsbedarf.
Abstract
Fathers also play an important role during pregnancy and the postpartum period, both for the partner and for the child. With changes in society and increasing early involvement in the care of infants, the father-child relationship has become increasingly more important in recent years. There is growing evidence that fathers can also suffer from mental illnesses during their partner’s pregnancy and especially after the birth of a child. As the transition to the role of a father is a major change in a man’s life, the birth of a child can be a life event that contributes to a first time mental illness or triggers a new episode of an already existing illness. For example, birth complications can also traumatize the attendant fathers and result in trauma sequelae. Peripartum anxiety disorders and depression probably affect approximately 5% of all men and can among other things have a negative impact on the development of exposed children. Specific screening or even treatment services for affected men are still very rare and little research has been performed. Much less is known about the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of other mental illnesses in fathers, and there is still a great need for research in this respect.
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Notes
Einige biologische Frauen können sich selbst als männlich oder geschlechtsneutral bezeichnen.
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S. Kittel-Schneider ist Vorstandsmitglied der internationalen und der deutschsprachigen Marcé-Gesellschaft. S. Garthus-Niegel gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
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Garthus-Niegel, S., Kittel-Schneider, S. Väter und peripartale psychische Erkrankungen: Das übersehene Elternteil?. Nervenarzt 94, 779–785 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-023-01508-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-023-01508-1