Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Oxytocin (OXT) wird als „Empathiehormon“ bezeichnet, das mit sozialer Interaktion und Eltern-Kind-Beziehung in Zusammenhang gebracht wird. Mütter mit psychischen Belastungsfaktoren, wie einer Depression in der Anamnese, einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung oder Misshandlungserfahrung in der eigenen Kindheit zeigen häufig Auffälligkeiten im mütterlichen Verhalten. Ziel der Studie ist es, (1) den Zusammenhang zwischen diesen drei Belastungsfaktoren und mütterlichem OXT parallel in einer Analyse zu untersuchen. (2) Zudem soll OXT als möglicher Mediator für den Zusammenhang zwischen frühkindlicher Misshandlungserfahrung und Misshandlungspotenzial gegenüber dem eigenen Kind untersucht werden.
Methodik
Plasma-OXT-Konzentration wurde von 52 Müttern in der follikulären Phase erhoben (gesunde Kontrollmütter: n = 22; Depression in der Anamnese: n = 23; Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung: n = 7). Mütterliche Psychopathologie und Misshandlungserfahrung in der Kindheit wurden mit Interviews erfasst. Regressions- und Mediationsanalysen wurden zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung berechnet.
Ergebnisse
Frühkindliche Misshandlungserfahrung war mit vermindertem Plasma-OXT assoziiert, jedoch nicht mütterliche Depression und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung. Besonders die Erfahrung elterlicher Antipathie in der eigenen Kindheit war mit geringeren OXT-Konzentrationen assoziiert. OXT vermittelte nicht den Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlicher Misshandlungserfahrung in der eigenen Kindheit und Misshandlungspotenzial gegenüber dem eigenen Kind.
Diskussion
In der vorliegenden Stichprobe hingen Veränderungen von Plasma-OXT-Konzentrationen nicht mit psychischen Erkrankungen wie einer Depression in der Anamnese oder einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung zusammen, sondern vielmehr mit einem diesen Störungen womöglich zugrunde liegenden ätiologischen Faktor: Misshandlungserfahrung in der eigenen Kindheit.
Abstract
Background
The “empathy hormone” oxytocin (OXT) is associated with social interaction and parent-child interaction. Mothers with mental stress factors, e.g., history of depression, borderline personality disorder or early life maltreatment in their own childhood often show distinct maternal behavior.
The objectives of the study were (1) to examine the association between these three stress factors and maternal OXT within one analysis. (2) Moreover, OXT was tested as a potential mediator for the association between maternal experience of early childhood maltreatment and abuse potential against their own child.
Methods
Plasma OXT concentrations of 52 mothers during the follicular phase were collated (healthy control mothers n = 22, history of depression n = 23, borderline personality disorder n = 7). The maternal history of psychiatric disorders and experiences of early childhood maltreatment were examined via interviews. Regression and mediation analyses were applied to answer the research questions.
Results
Early childhood maltreatment was associated with reduced plasma OXT; however, maternal history of depression and borderline personality disorder were not related to OXT concentrations. In particular, having experienced parental antipathy in one’s own childhood was associated with reduced OXT levels but OXT did not mediate the association between maternal early childhood experiences of maltreatment and abuse potential of their own child.
Conclusion
In the present study alterations in plasma OXT concentrations were not associated with psychiatric disorders, such as a history of depression or borderline personality disorder but more with a potential etiological factor of these disorders, i.e. experience of maltreatment in their own childhood.
Change history
14 May 2019
Erratum zu:
Nervenarzt 2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-019-0688-4
Die Schreibweise eines Autorennamens in diesem Beitrag muss korrigiert werden. Korrekt lautet die Schreibweise Stefan Roepke statt Stefan Röpke.
Wir bitten dies zu …
Literatur
Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Van IJMH (2013) Sniffing around oxytocin: review and meta-analyses of trials in healthy and clinical groups with implications for pharmacotherapy. Transl Psychiatry 3:e258
Bertsch K, Schmidinger I, Neumann ID et al (2013) Reduced plasma oxytocin levels in female patients with borderline personality disorder. Horm Behav 63:424–429
Bifulco A, Brown GW, Harris TO (1994) Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA): a retrospective interview measure. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 35:1419–1435
Bomann AC, Jørgensen MB, Bo S et al (2017) The neurobiology of social deficits in female patients with borderline personality disorder: The importance of oxytocin. Personal Ment Health 11:91–100
Deegener G, Spangler G, Körner W et al (2009) Eltern-Belastungs-Screening zur Kindeswohlgefährdung: EBSK. Hogrefe, Göttingen (deutsche Form des Child abuse potential inventory (CAPI) von Joel S. Milner; Manual)
Dittrich K, Boedeker K, Kluczniok D et al (2018) Child abuse potential in mothers with early life maltreatment, borderline personality disorder and depression. Br J Psychiatry 213:412. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.74
Feldman R, Gordon I, Influs M et al (2013) Parental oxytocin and early caregiving jointly shape children’s oxytocin response and social reciprocity. Neuropsychopharmacology 38:1154
Feldman R, Gordon I, Schneiderman I et al (2010) Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent-infant contact. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35:1133–1141
Fries ABW, Ziegler TE, Kurian JR et al (2005) Early experience in humans is associated with changes in neuropeptides critical for regulating social behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:17237–17240
Gordon I, Zagoory-Sharon O, Schneiderman I et al (2008) Oxytocin and cortisol in romantically unattached young adults: associations with bonding and psychological distress. Psychophysiology 45:349–352
Hallquist MN, Pilkonis PA (2012) Refining the phenotype of borderline personality disorder: diagnostic criteria and beyond. Personal Disord. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027953
Hamilton M (1976) Hamilton depression scale. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, S 179–192
Haskett ME, Scott SS, Fann KD (1995) Child abuse potential inventory and parenting behavior: relationships with high-risk correlates. Child Abuse Negl 19:1483–1495
Heim C, Young LJ, Newport DJ et al (2009) Lower CSF oxytocin concentrations in women with a history of childhood abuse. Mol Psychiatry 14:954–958
Kiss A, Mikkelsen JD (2005) Oxytocin—anatomy and functional assignments: a minireview. Endocr Regul 39:97–105
Kluczniok D, Boedeker K, Attar CH et al (2018) Emotional availability in mothers with borderline personality disorder and mothers with remitted major depression is differently associated with psychopathology among school-aged children. J Affect Disord 231:63–73
Landgraf R (1995) Intracerebrally released vasopressin and oxytocin: measurement, mechanisms and behavioural consequences. J Neuroendocrinol 7:243–253
Lecrubier Y, Sheehan D, Weiller E et al (1997) The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI. Eur Psychiatry 12:224–231
Loranger AW, Janca A, Sartorius N (1997) Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: The ICD-10 international personality disorder examination (IPDE). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Lovejoy MC, Graczyk PA, O’hare E et al (2000) Maternal depression and parenting behavior: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 20:561–592
MacMillan HL, Fleming JE, Streiner DL, Lin E, Boyle MH, Jamieson E, Beardslee WR (2001) Childhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry, 158(11):1878–1883.
Mah BL (2016) Oxytocin, postnatal depression, and parenting: a systematic review. Harv Rev Psychiatry 24:1–13
Massey SH, Backes KA, Schuette SA (2016) Plasma oxytocin concentration and depressive symptoms: a review of current evidence and directions for future research. Depress Anxiety 33:316–322
Mccullough ME, Churchland PS, Mendez AJ (2013) Problems with measuring peripheral oxytocin: can the data on oxytocin and human behavior be trusted? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1485–1492
Meyer-Lindenberg A, Domes G, Kirsch P et al (2011) Oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain: social neuropeptides for translational medicine. Nat Rev Neurosci 12:524
Milner JS (1994) Assessing physical child abuse risk: the child abuse potential inventory. Clin Psychol Rev 14:547–583
Naber F, Van Ijzendoorn MH, Deschamps P et al (2010) Intranasal oxytocin increases fathers’ observed responsiveness during play with their children: a double-blind within-subject experiment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35:1583–1586
Ozsoy S, Esel E, Kula M (2009) Serum oxytocin levels in patients with depression and the effects of gender and antidepressant treatment. Psychiatry Res 169:249–252
Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2004) SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 36:717–731
Rush AJ, Kraemer HC, Sackeim HA et al (2006) Report by the ACNP Task Force on response and remission in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 31:1841–1853
Swain JE (2008) Baby stimuli and the parent brain: functional neuroimaging of the neural substrates of parent-infant attachment. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 5:28
Thabrew H, De Sylva S, Romans S (2012) Evaluating childhood adversity. In: The psychosomatic assessment. Karger, Basel, S 35–57
Toepfer P, Heim C, Entringer S et al (2017) Oxytocin pathways in the intergenerational transmission of maternal early life stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 73:293–308
Van Londen L, Goekoop J, Zwinderman A et al (1998) Neuropsychological performance and plasma cortisol, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in patients with major depression. Psychol Med 28:275–284
Yagi K, Onaka T (1996) A benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide, blocks vasopressin and oxytocin release after footshocks but not osmotic stimulus in the rat. Neurosci Lett 203:49–52
Yuen KW, Garner JP, Carson DS et al (2014) Plasma oxytocin concentrations are lower in depressed vs. healthy control women and are independent of cortisol. J Psychiatr Res 51:30–36
Förderung
Die Studie wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes Understanding and Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Abuse (UBICA, BMBF Förder-Nr.:01KR1207C; DFG Förder-Nr.: BE2611/2-1; LE560/5-1; RO3935/1-1: HE2426/5-1) durchgeführt.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Interessenkonflikt
D. Kluczniok, K. Dittrich, C. Hindi Attar, K. Bödeker, M. Roth, C. Jaite, S. Winter, S.C. Herpertz, S. Röpke, C. Heim und F. Bermpohl geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Es liegt das positive Ethikvotum der Charite – Universitätsmedizin Berlin vor.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kluczniok, D., Dittrich, K., Hindi Attar, C. et al. Oxytocin und Misshandlungspotenzial. Nervenarzt 90, 267–276 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-019-0688-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-019-0688-4
Schlüsselwörter
- Mutter-Kind-Interaktion
- Mütterliche Misshandlungserfahrung
- Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
- Depression
- Oxytonerges System