Zusammenfassung
Die postulierten Mechanismen, die zur Aktivität der chronischen spontanen Urtikaria (CSU) beitragen, sind vielfältig. Zunehmend werden anhand der assoziierten Komorbiditäten weitere Signalwege entdeckt, die zur Aktivität der Erkrankung oder einer geringgradigen systemischen Inflammation beitragen können. Hierbei spielen auch psychoimmunologische Faktoren eine Rolle. Ziel der Arbeit ist, durch Kenntnis weiterer, optionaler Einflussfaktoren die klinische Versorgung der Patienten zu verbessern und die Krankheitsaktivität der CSU durch Einwirkung auf die Komorbiditäten zu modulieren. Einhergehend mit den autoimmunen Formen der CSU zeigt sich die Neigung zu weiteren Autoimmunerkrankungen, insbesondere der Schilddrüse, die das Krankheitsbild initiieren können. Bisher wenig Beachtung fand die Assoziation zum metabolischen Syndrom. Insbesondere die Adipositas vermag über das Zytokin-sezernierende Fettgewebe zur systemischen Inflammation und somit zum Mediator-Release aus den Mastzellen beitragen. Auch neuroimmunologische Interaktionen, insbesondere durch verstärkte Freisetzung von Substanz P, einem aktivierenden Liganden des „Mas-related G‑protein coupled receptor X2“ (MRGPX2) auf Mastzellen, bedürfen bei der Therapieoptimierung einer vermehrten Beachtung.
Abstract
Various mechanisms contributing to the activity of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CU) have been postulated. Associated comorbidities are increasingly leading to the discovery of further signaling pathways which may support the activity of chronic urticaria or contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. Moreover psychoimmunological factors may also be involved. The aim of this work is to improve the clinical care of patients with CU by increasing knowledge regarding optional influencing factors due to comorbidities and to possibly influence disease activity. Chronic urticaria due to autoimmune mechanisms may dispose to other autoimmune diseases, especially autoimmune thyroiditis, which can trigger chronic disease. Association of CU with metabolic syndrome has received little attention to date. Obesity may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation by cytokine-secreting adipose tissue and hence to mediator-release of mast cells. Furthermore, neuroimmunological pathways, especially increased release of substance P, an activating ligand of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPX2) on mast cells, should be addressed when optimizing therapy.
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N. Wagner war beratend oder als Referentin tätig für ALK-Abelló, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Allergopharma GmbH & Co KG, Takeda, Blueprint, AbbVie GmbH, CSL-Behring, Synlab, Nutricia und war oder ist bei klinischen Studien von Novartis Pharma GmbH, Allergopharma GmbH & Co KG, Sanofi, Blueprint beteiligt. Sie hat Drittmittel für Studien erhalten von Novartis Pharma GmbH und Allergopharma GmbH & Co KG. C. Berking war beratend oder als Referentin tätig für Almirall Hermal, BMS, InflaRx, Leo Pharma, Miltenyi, MSD, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron und Sanofi.
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Wagner, N., Berking, C. Erkennen und Management relevanter Komorbiditäten bei chronischer spontaner Urtikaria. Dermatologie 75, 289–294 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-024-05311-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-024-05311-0