Log in

Mini-Subvastus-Zugang bei der Implantation von Knieendoprothesen

Mini-Subvastus Approach for Total Knee Replacement

  • Published:
Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Operationsziel

Implantation einer bikondylären Knieendoprothese in minimalinvasiver Operationstechnik ohne Verletzung des Streckapparats mit der Möglichkeit zur bandspannungsabhängigen Knochenresektion. Nur der Subvastus-Zugang erhält die Integrität des Streckapparats; deshalb Weiterentwicklung zur minimalinvasiven Technik mit kurzer Hautinzision und Lateralisation statt Eversion der Patella. Weichteilbalancierung durch direkten Zugang von ventral.

Indikationen

Leichte und mittelschwere Varusgonarthrosen bis 15° Fehlstellung, leichte oder passiv korrigierbare Valgusgonarthrosen bis 10° Fehlstellung.

Kontraindikationen

Schwere, kontrakte Varusgonarthrosen, mittelschwere und schwere, kontrakte Valgusgonarthrosen, starkes Übergewicht, besonders muskelkräftige Patienten, Durchblutungsstörungen der Haut.

Operationstechnik

Zentraler Hautschnitt vom proximalen Patellapol bis auf die Tuberositas tibiae. Darstellung des medialen Retinakulums und subkutan Lösen des Musculus vastus medialis. Inzision des Retinakulums medial der Patella und subkutan stumpfes Lösen des Musculus vastus medialis vom Septum intermusculare. Lateralisation der Patella und Beugen des Kniegelenks. Tibiaresektion rechtwinklig zum Schaft. Ausrichten des anteroposterioren (a.p.) Resektionsblocks an der ventralen Femurkortikalis und Einstellung der Rotation durch gleichmäßiges Spannen der Kollateralbänder. Nötigenfalls Ausgleich der Bandspannung im Beugespalt durch Releases. Nach a.p. Resektion Fixation des Resektionsblocks für die distale Femurresektion in geplantem Valguswinkel. Nötigenfalls Ausgleich der Bandspannung durch Releases im Streckspalt. Nach distaler Resektion Femurfacettenresektion, Angleichung der posterioren Kondylen und Prothesenimplantation. Prüfung der Stabilität und Beweglichkeit. Wundverschluss.

Weiterbehandlung

Vollbelastung und CPM („continuous passive motion“) bis 90° Beugung bei Toleranz mit Periduralkatheter ab dem 1. postoperativen Tag, Treppensteigen ab dem 7. postoperativen Tag.

Ergebnisse

100 Patienten mit Varusgonarthrose wurden randomisiert über einen parapatellaren oder einen minimalinvasiven Subvastus-Zugang versorgt. Die Röntgenkontrolle zeigte keinen Unterschied in der Präzision oder Wiederherstellung der Beinachse. Minimalinvasiv operierte Patienten hatten postoperativ weniger Schmerzen und erreichten 6 Wochen postoperativ eine größere Flexion von 110° versus 95°. Allerdings traten in dieser Gruppe zwei Wundheilungsstörungen auf. Die Technik ist anspruchsvoll, und die Operationszeit ist verlängert. Langzeitresultate bleiben abzuwarten.

Abstract

Objective

Total knee replacement in minimally invasive technique without any trauma to the extensor apparatus and with soft-tissue-referenced bone resections. Only the subvastus approach preserves the integrity of the extensor apparatus and has therefore been modified to become a minimally invasive technique with a shorter skin incision and lateralization instead of eversion of the patella. Soft-tissue balancing is done through this direct anterior approach.

Indications

Mild to moderate varus osteoarthritis of the knee up to 15° of malalignment, mild and passively correctable valgus osteoarthritis of the knee up to 10° of malalignment.

Contraindications

Severe, contract varus osteoarthritis of the knee, severe and moderate, contract valgus osteoarthritis of the knee, severe obesity, exceptionally muscular patients, decreased skin perfusion.

Surgical Technique

Central skin incision from the superior pole of the patella to the tibial tubercle. Exposure of the medial retinaculum and mobilization of the vastus medialis muscle subcutaneously. Incision of the medial retinaculum and blunt separation of the vastus medialis muscle from the intermuscular septum. Lateralization of the patella and flexion of the knee joint. Resection of the tibia perpendicular to the diaphysis. Adjustment of the anteroposterior (AP) resection block at the level of the anterior femoral cortex and of rotation by applying equal tension to the collateral ligaments. Balancing of soft-tissue tension in flexion gap by release, if necessary. After AP resection fixation of distal resection block in planned valgus angle. Balancing of soft-tissue tension in extension gap by release, if necessary. After distal femur resection facet resection, adaptation of posterior femoral condyles, and implantation of prosthesis. Check on stability and range of motion. Wound closure.

Postoperative Management

Full weight bearing from the 1st postoperative day, CPM (continuous passive motion) with up to 90° flexion with peridural anesthesia as tolerated, stair climbing starting on the 7th postoperative day.

Results

100 patients were randomized to total knee replacement via a parapatellar or subvastus approach. Radiologically, there were no differences in operative precision or leg alignment. Patients treated minimally invasively suffered less pain and achieved a higher flexion of 110° versus 95° 6 weeks postoperatively. However, there were two cases of delayed wound healing in this group. The surgical technique is demanding and the operating time is longer. Long-term results are still missing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Brazil)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Abdel-Salam A, Eyres KS. Effects of tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty. A prospective randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995;77:250–253.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Boerger TO, Aglietti P, Mondanelli N, et al. Mini-subvastus versus medial parapatellar approach in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 2005;440:82–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bonutti PM, Mont MA, McMahon M, et al. Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:26–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bonutti PM, Neal DJ, Kester MA. Minimal incision total knee arthroplasty using the suspended leg technique. Orthopedics 2003;26:899–903.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chang CH, Chen KH, Yang RS, et al. Muscle torques in total knee arthroplasty with subvastus and parapatellar approaches. Clin Orthop 2002;398:189–195.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Dalury DF, Dennis DA. Mini-incision total knee arthroplasty can increase risk of component malalignment. Clin Orthop 2005;440:77–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Faure BT, Benjamin JB, Lindsey B, et al. Comparison of the subvastus and paramedian surgical approaches in bilateral knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 1993;8:511–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gore DR, Sellinger DS, Gassner KJ, et al. Subvastus approach for total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics 2003;26:33–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang HT, Su JY, Chang JK, et al. The early clinical outcome of minimally invasive quadriceps-sparing total knee arthroplasty: report of a 2-year follow-up. J Arthroplasty 2007;22:1007–1012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Keblish PA. Alternate surgical approaches in mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics 2002;25:257–264.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kramers-de Quervain IA, Engel-Bicik I, Miehlke W, et al. Fat-pad im**ement after total knee arthroplasty with the LCS A/P-Glide system. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2005;13:174–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Manén Berga F, Novellas Canosa M, Angles Crespo F, et al. Effect of ischemic tourniquet pressure on the intensity of postoperative pain. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2002;49:131–135.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Matsueda M, Gustilo RB. Subvastus and medial parapatellar approaches in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 2000;371:161–168.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Pagnano MW, Meneghini RM. Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty with an optimized subvastus approach. J Arthroplasty 2006;21:22–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Roidis NT, Karachalios TS, Malizos KN, et al. Incision stretching in primary TKA: what is the real length of our approach? Orthopedics 2007;30:397–398.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Roysam GS, Oakley MJ. Subvastus approach for total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, and observer-blinded trial. J Arthroplasty 2001;16:454–457.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Scheibel MT, Schmidt W, Thomas M, et al. A detailed anatomical description of the subvastus region and its clinical relevance for the subvastus approach in total knee arthroplasty. Surg Radiol Anat 2002;24:6–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schroer WC, Diesfeld PJ, LeMarr A, et al. Applicability of the mini-subvastus total knee arthroplasty technique: an analysis of 725 cases with mean 2-year follow-up. J Surg Orthop Adv Fall 2007;16:131–137.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schroer WC, Diesfeld PJ, Reedy ME, et al. Mini-subvastus approach for total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2008;23:19–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schroer WC, Diesfeld PJ, Reedy ME, et al. Surgical accuracy with the mini-subvastus total knee arthroplasty a computer tomography scan analysis of postoperative implant alignment. J Arthroplasty 2008;23:543–549.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Scuderi GR, Tenholder M, Capeci C. Surgical approaches in mini-incision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 2004;428:61–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Halder.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Halder, A., Beier, A. & Neumann, W. Mini-Subvastus-Zugang bei der Implantation von Knieendoprothesen. Orthop Traumatol 21, 14–24 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-009-1602-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-009-1602-1

Schlüsselwörter

Key Words

Navigation