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Prevalence and local causes for retention of primary teeth and the associated delayed permanent tooth eruption

Prävalenz und lokale Ursachen für die Retention von Milchzähnen und der damit verbundenen Verzögerung des Durchbruchs bleibender Zähne

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of retained primary teeth (RPT) associated with delayed permanent tooth eruption and the factors associated with this condition in German children.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that evaluated panoramic radiographs from orthodontic patients. The diagnosis of RPT was established according to Nolla developmental stage. The primary tooth was considered retained when its successor permanent tooth was in Nolla stage 8, 9, or 10. Statistical analysis was performed with an α of 5% (p < 0.05).

Results

A total of 102 children (48 girls and 54 boys), and 574 primary teeth and their respective permanent successor teeth were evaluated. We classified 192 teeth as RPT. Sixty-one (59.8%) children presented one or more RPT. Gender was not significantly different between RPT and control teeth (p = 0.838; odds ratio 0.95, confidence interval 95% 0.44–2.16). In the majority of the RPT cases (68.7%), no clear cause to explain the prolonged retention was identified. The pathological problems most commonly observed with RPT were dental fillings (19.3%), followed by dental caries (4.6%), and ectopic tooth eruption (2.1%).

Conclusions

The incidence of RPT associated with delayed permanent tooth eruption in German children was high and the most common pathological condition associated with RPT was dental caries.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Prävalenz retinierter Milchzähne (RM) in Verbindung mit einem verzögerten Durchbruch der bleibenden Zähne und die damit verbundenen Faktoren an deutschen Kindern zu untersuchen.

Methoden

Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Querschnittsstudie, in der Panoramaröntgenbilder von kieferorthopädischen Patienten ausgewertet wurden. Die Diagnose RM wurde anhand des Nolla-Entwicklungsstadiums gestellt. Der Milchzahn galt als retiniert, wenn der nachfolgende bleibende Zahn im Nolla-Stadium 8, 9 oder 10 war. Die statistische Analyse wurde mit einem α von 5% (p < 0,05) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 102 Kinder (48 Mädchen, 54 Jungen) und 574 Milchzähne und ihre jeweiligen bleibenden Nachfolgezähne untersucht. Wir klassifizierten 192 Zähne als RM. Einundsechzig (59,8 %) Kinder wiesen einen oder mehrere RM auf. Das Geschlecht unterschied sich nicht signifikant zwischen RM und Kontrollzähnen (p = 0,838; Odds Ratio 0,95, 95%-Konfidenzintervall 0,44‑2,16). Bei der Mehrheit der RM-Fälle (68,7 %) konnte keine eindeutige Ursache für die verlängerte Retention festgestellt werden. Die am häufigsten bei RM beobachteten pathologischen Probleme waren Zahnfüllungen (19,3 %), gefolgt von Karies (4,6 %) und ektopem Zahndurchbruch (2,1 %).

Schlussfolgerungen

Die RM-Inzidenz in Verbindung mit einem verzögerten Durchbruch der bleibenden Zähne war bei deutschen Kindern hoch, und der am häufigsten mit RM assoziierte pathologische Befund war Zahnkaries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the study participants, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation—Germany, the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES-Brasil)—Finance Code 001 and—PDPG-POSDOC/Bolsa—CAPES n° 88887.755620/2022-00.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Suelyn Danielle Henklein, César Penazzo Lepri, Fernando Carlos Hueb de Menezes, Isabela Ribeiro Madalena &  Maria Angélica Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira

  2. Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Erika Calvano Küchler, Peter Proff & Christian Kirschneck

  3. University of Tuiuti of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Erika Calvano Küchler, Flares Baratto-Filho & Natanael Henrique Ribeiro Mattos

  4. School of Dentistry, University of the Joinville Region, Joinville, SC, Brazil

    Flares Baratto-Filho & Isabela Ribeiro Madalena

  5. School of Dentistry, Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves University Center, São João del Rei, MG, Brazil

    Isabela Ribeiro Madalena

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  1. Suelyn Danielle Henklein
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Contributions

E.C.K., C.K., and M.A.H.M.-O. conceived the idea and designed the study; E.C.K., P.P., and C.K. funding support; C.P.L., N.H.R.M., E.C.K., and F.C.H.M. trained and calibrated the examiner. S.D.H. evaluated the patients records and tabulated the data; E.C.K., F.B.F., and P.P. analyzed data; E.C.K. and C.K. supervised the sample collection. I.R.M. and M.A.H.M.-O. supervised the clinical analysis. S.D.H. and E.C.K. led the writing; all authors interpreted the data and revised the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Angélica Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira.

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Conflict of interest

S. D. Henklein, E. C. Küchler, P. Proff, C. P. Lepri, F. Baratto-Filho, N. H. R. Mattos, F. C. Hueb de Menezes, C. Kirschneck, I. R. Madalena and M. A. Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standards

The research protocol was previously approved by the Ethics Committee from the University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany (ID 19-1549-101). All participants and/or legal guardians gave their written informed consent to take part in the study.

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Henklein, S.D., Küchler, E.C., Proff, P. et al. Prevalence and local causes for retention of primary teeth and the associated delayed permanent tooth eruption. J Orofac Orthop 85 (Suppl 1), 73–78 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-023-00479-x

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