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Freshwater mussel conservation in southern South America: update on distribution range and current threats

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Abstract

Globally, the Unionida have suffered an increasing decline in both their populations and distribution range. This phenomenon has been well documented in Europe and North America. In Argentina, the study of the group reached its height between 1960 and 1980, producing valuable but now outdated information. This study aims to explore the distribution range before and after 1990 and discuss the potential threats to Unionida (Hyriidae and Mycetopodidae families) in Argentina. We analyzed bibliographies, databases, and new samplings following the malacological provinces of Argentina (MP) zoogeographic scheme. A total of 2452 georeference records were analyzed. Of the 35 species detected up to 1990, 17 (48%) have not been recorded since that year. Freshwater mussels are recorded in seven of the eight MP and in six there has been a reduction of more than 50%. Climate change (increasing water temperature, droughts or extreme floods, and fires), globalization (invasive species), and human activity (intensive agriculture, wastewater discharge, construction of dams or river channelization, and commercial exploitation) have all contributed to the decline and reduction of native mussel populations, leading to range reduction and extirpation. The results of the present study will allow future research to estimate the endangered status and degree of conservation of unionidan species in southern South America, which provide multiple ecosystem services.

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Data availability

All records used in this study are included in a Supplementary Material file (Supplementary file1).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the collection managers for providing the museum databases. Lorena Noemí Laffitte, Directora General de Biología Acuática DPAyDS | subsecretaría de Ambiente | SDTyA | Neuquén. The authors would like to thank LaIC, the Scientific English Laboratory at National University of Patagonia Austral, for reviewing the English manuscript. We are especially grateful to the anonymous reviewers and editor-in-chief Christopher Robinson, whose critical reading and comments have helped to improve this manuscript.

Funding

Partial financial support was received from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT-2019-01417), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (11/N927) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (PIP 1966). This work was partially supported by the Postdoctoral scholarship CONICET (SHT and ML).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Santa Cruz (CIT Santa Cruz), CONICET-UNPA-UTN, Colón 1570, 9310, Puerto San Julián, Santa Cruz, Argentina

    Santiago Hernán Torres

  2. Instituto de Ciencias del Ambiente, Sustentabilidad y Recursos Naturales (ICASUR), Unidad Académica San Julián, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Colón 1570, 9310, Puerto San Julián, Santa Cruz, Argentina

    Santiago Hernán Torres

  3. División Zoología Invertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, S/N, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Micaela de Lucía, Diego Eduardo Gutiérrez Gregoric & Gustavo Darrigran

  4. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Calle 8 N° 1467, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Micaela de Lucía, Diego Eduardo Gutiérrez Gregoric & Gustavo Darrigran

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  1. Santiago Hernán Torres
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  3. Diego Eduardo Gutiérrez Gregoric
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  4. Gustavo Darrigran
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Contributions

S.H.T., D.E.G.G., M.dL., and G.D. conceptualized the study; S.H.T. and D.E.G.G. performed data curation; S.H.T., D.E.G.G., and M.dL. conducted the formal analyses; S.H.T., D.E.G.G., M.dL., and G.D. performed investigations; S.H.T., D.E.G.G., and M.dL. developed the methodology; G.D. and D.E.G.G. performed supervisory and project administration roles; S.H.T., D.E.G.G., M.dL., and G.D. wrote the original draft, wrote and reviewed the manuscript, and performed editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gustavo Darrigran.

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Torres, S.H., de Lucía, M., Gregoric, D.E.G. et al. Freshwater mussel conservation in southern South America: update on distribution range and current threats. Aquat Sci 86, 38 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-024-01059-w

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